背景：三次变迁

The three-migration landscape

该住宅位于Guadarrama地区的Cercedilla市，距离马德里60公里，在过去的几十年中，该城市经历了三次从乡村到城市的变迁。第一次变迁发生在上世纪60-80年代，随着大规模的城市化进程，许多老旧的家庭住宅被改造为了度假小屋。第二次变迁受到了90年代城市规划条例（Leyes del Suelo, 1995和1998）的推动，地区管理的自由化促进了土地的买卖、再分区以及分散的城市化景观的形成。第三次则是我们目前正在见证的，一个永久性的变化过程。

Cercedilla’s territory, a municipality 60 kilometres from Madrid in the Guadarrama mountains, has been shaped by the three country–city migrations of the last decades. The first, from country to city, took place over the 60s, 70s, and 80s with the extensive abandonment of the countryside, leading to old family houses being turned into holiday homes. The second, from the city to the country, was driven by 1990s’ planning legislation in Spain [Leyes del Suelo, 1995 and 1998], which liberalized territorial management and thus facilitated speculation, re-zoning, and a scattered urbanization of the landscape. We are now witnessing the third, a migration in permanent transit.

▼建筑外观，exterior view

在过去的十年间，该区域出现了一类新的居民，他们既属于农村，也属于城市，他们在回归农村的同时并没有真正地离开城市。这些居民建立了全新的农村环境和合作关系，使当地的景观发生了持续性的变化。该项目所在的场地曾经也是当地农民用来养殖奶牛的牧场。传统农村社区与新兴“农城居民”（rur-urban inhabitants）的共存为建立新生态提供了可能，这对于维持土地的平衡变迁和发展而言有着至关重要的作用。

Over the last decade a new kind of inhabitant has emerged, simultaneously rural and urbanite: a population that returns to the countryside without actually leaving the city. These citizens in transit generate new rural realities and partnerships that continue transforming the landscape: Ana and Manolo’s field at The Young Old House is pasture for a local farmer’s cows. Luis’s livestock tends to this area of the mountains in exchange for fresh grass. The coexistence of traditional rural communities and new ‘rur-urban’ inhabitants makes it possible to build new ecologies, crucial in order to care for and maintain the balance of a changing territory.

▼该场地曾经是当地农民用来养殖奶牛的牧场，the field at The Young Old House is pasture for a local farmer’s cows

▼扩建后的新立面，the new facade after extension

分层式的生长

The house that grows in layers

房屋的主人希望对建筑进行扩建，使其适应半农村半城市的居住状况。既有建筑原本是一栋建于70年代的避暑小屋，建造过程中没有使用任何保温材料，也没有与周围环境构成直接的联系。基于这些问题，设计师提出了一个具有三重意义的策略，试图逐步为房屋置入保温层，在提高舒适性的同时减少房屋能耗，并将其既有的乡村特色凸显出来。在已经完工的一期工程中，房屋外围增建了3个新的体量，并通过陶瓷材质的饰面与旧的体量进行区分。这三个新的体量分别包含了扩大后的起居空间、供四个女儿居住的卧室（原先是车库和柴棚）以及一间锅炉房。

▼扩建示意图，extension diagram