山丘住宅（The Hill House）是查尔斯·雷尼·麦金托什(Charles Rennie Mackintosh)最重要的作品，同时也是其在苏格兰最受赞誉的建筑之一。项目位于格拉斯哥以西30公里的海伦斯堡，俯瞰着克莱德河河口以南的美丽全景，原建筑于1902年由建筑师为一位年轻的出版商沃尔特·布莱基以及他的家人建造，可谓是20世纪早期欧洲建筑的重要组成部分。

The Hill House is one of Charles Rennie Mackintosh’s most significant works, one of Scotland’s most acclaimed buildings, and a seminal part of early 20th century European architecture. Built in 1902 for the publisher Walter Blackie and his young family, it is situated in Helensburgh, 30km west of Glasgow, and commands panoramic views south over the River Clyde estuary.

▼项目概览，overall of the project

▼项目如同一座抽象的花园展馆，the project‘s architectural identity is an abstracted garden pavilion

麦金托什的住宅杰作具有典型的20世纪苏格兰塔楼特点，粗糙的墙壁、风景如画的石板屋顶、不对称的窗户布局，并且摒弃了传统的建筑装饰。在当时看来，该住宅的设计布局十分激进，内部的三维空间层层进展。尽管麦金托什的建筑中嵌入了传统的苏格兰贵族风格，但其设计显然也受到了欧洲其他地方现代主义，以及当代技术进步的影响。然而，有时传统结构与创新的设计理念结合在一起时，会导致一些根本性的长期问题，例如：水对建筑结构的损害，因此，这些古老的住宅需要进行彻底的维护或修复才能继续伫立下去。

▼轴测分析图，axonometric diagram

Mackintosh’s domestic masterpiece sits like a 20th-century Scottish tower house, with its roughcast walls, picturesque slate roofline, asymmetrical disposition of windows, and lack of historic ornament. The house proposed a radical layout and three-dimensional spatial progression, and although the architecture was embedded in the tradition of Scottish Baronial, Mackintosh was also clearly influenced by the contemporary technological advances of Modernism happening elsewhere in Europe. This unusual hybridisation of tradition and invention in the construction of the building has led to some fundamental long-term problems of prolonged water damage that require a major conservation project to help the house survive.

▼透明的外壳将历史住宅笼罩在其中，the transparent shell envelops the historic house