体育馆：重要的社交场所

Sports hall: an important social function

社区体育馆是一种比较边缘化的建筑类型，尽管它们为当地社区提供了活动空间，并且具备特定的社交功能。它们位于拥有开敞室内空间的建筑中，适合举行公共集会活动，如展览会和演唱会，当然也包括体育比赛。体育馆通常是学校建筑的一部分，然后逐渐成为了缺少公共场所的小型社区的标志性功能中心。因此，设计体育馆是一项重要的城市挑战，需要解决简单的大厅与重要公共建筑之间的基本矛盾。这是开发商与建筑师经常面临的问题。如果要满足体育馆的功能需求，仅需要进行基础、甚至乏味的设计便可。然而，这样的设计没有创造文化价值，可能会错失重大的投资机遇。除了标志性的城市功能，体育馆还容纳了重要的社交过程。不仅是经常来此活动的年轻人，所有人都会从中获益。举例来说，带孩子来体育馆训练的家长们通常会一起在这里闲逛，而学校大厅也会成为学生闲暇时的学习空间，其中适用的规则与教室和一般的城市或乡村社区不同。

▼建筑西侧外观，external view of the building from the west

Community sports halls are a somewhat marginalised building type, even though they provide programmes central to local communities and have a specific, rather noble social function. They belong to buildings with largest interiors fit for public gatherings such as fairs, concerts, and, of course, sporting events. They often make part of school building complexes and become functional and symbolic centres of small communities with limited public architecture. Designing a sports hall is therefore an important urban challenge, as it has to resolve the basic contrast between a simple hall and an important public building. This contrast is a common pitfall for investors and designers alike. While the functional requirements for a sports hall can be met with a basic, even prosaic design, such design may miss the opportunity for a large investment such as this to also make a cultural contribution. Besides the urban and symbolic function, sports halls also accommodate important social processes, not only for the youth, for whom they are primarily intended, but also for everyone else. Parents who bring their children and watch them train, for example, often end up meeting and hanging out there. School halls can also provide alternative learning space during breaks with rules different from those children are accustomed to in classrooms or in everyday urban or rural communities.

▼建筑东侧外观，external view of the building from the east

Zlatar Bistrica 体育馆面临着上述所有挑战。Zlatar Bistrica 是一座位于克罗地亚西北部 Hrvatsko Zagorje 山区的小城镇，坐落在该地少有的平原地区之中。城镇拥有一些明显的城市特征，如沿两条主要道路 Vladimir Nazor 和 Zagorska 分布的学校、教堂和社区健康中心。由于学校和教堂离主路有一定距离，二者并没有成为街道的景观，使得道路依旧富有乡村气息。学校综合体与周边的乡村环境共生。整洁的、相对中性的现代建筑两侧形成入口广场，剩下的两边则是典型的乡村地块，建有附属的外屋。这样的布局与学校后院完美融合，后者曾用来种植植物，向学生传授自然和农业相关的知识。

The sports hall project for Zlatar Bistrica had to face all these challenges. Zlatar Bistrica is a small town located in one of the few plains of otherwise hilly Hrvatsko Zagorje in northwest Croatia, a town with but a few distinct urban features, such as the school, church, and community health centre scattered along the two main roads, Vladimir Nazor and Zagorska. Withdrawn further away from the main roads, the school and the church do not define the street view leaving it mainly rural. The school complex is in symbiosis with its rural environment; its neat, relatively neutral modern architecture defines the access square on two sides, while the remaining two sides border with a typical rural property with outbuildings. This arrangement fits nicely with the school yard, which is used to grow plants and teach children about nature and agriculture.

▼总平面图，体育馆与校园的关系，site plan, layout of the sports hall and the campus

对场地地形的微型城市回应

Micro-urban response to land configuration

曾经位于学校广场西侧外围的体育馆已经被大火烧毁，新的建筑需要继承其原本的朝向，作为整合内外形态的重要条件。过去的体育馆建造在西向坡地上，其布局回应了城市和地形因素。

The western perimeter of the school square used to border with a sports hall that had been destroyed by fire, and the new hall project inherited its former orientation as an important parameter to be integrated with the building’s new external and internal configuration. The hall has been placed on a lot sloping toward the west and configured to respond to the given urban and topographic determinants.

▼从道路看向体育馆

view to the sports hall from the road