位于威尼斯绿城花园（Giardini）的俄罗斯联邦馆由建筑师Alexey Schusev设计，于1914年向公众开放。一个多世纪以来，它一直是威尼斯双年展上的俄罗斯文化之家。改造项目由今年年初开始，成功地平衡了实际空间改造与线上展览的关系。如今的俄罗斯馆以全新的面貌展现在大众眼前，以“关怀”与“包容”的姿态揭示了建筑环境和数字环境、人与生态系统之间的共生关系。

The Russian Federation Pavilion at the Venice Giardini, designed by the architect Alexey Schusev, opened its doors to the public in 1914 and has been a home to Russian culture at the Venice Bienniales for more than a century. The transformation project began this year by devising a new spatial contract that navigates the tension between the physical renovation of the pavilion and the creation of its online counterpart. Today the venue for the renewed institution of the Russian Federation Pavilion draws on ‘care’ and ‘inclusivity’ as a model in order to establish more empathetic and meaningful connections between built and digital environments, people and ecosystems.

▼俄罗斯馆外观，exterior appearance of the pavilion © Marco Cappelletti

展览空间与周围环境之间的相互渗透是原俄罗斯馆最为核心的设计特点。反映出这一理念的建筑特征包括：俯瞰泻湖的露台、沿花园主干道排布的豪华楼梯、一系列面向周围环境开放的出入口，以及展馆标志性的大天窗。此外，展馆最初的外立面为绿色，旨在进一步将建筑与周围的树木以及绿色植被融为一体。第二次世界大战之后，外立面才被漆成赭红色。随着时间的推移，展馆的外立面经历了几次翻修，这导致其大部分的门窗被完全封闭，最终形成一个内向的盒子空间。同时，在建筑内部，中央和北部房间的楼层被抬高，以增加一层额外的展览空间。此外，多年来遗留下来的一系列结构问题也使人们不得不在使用建筑的过程中做出妥协。

▼历史照片（左）2017年改造前照片（右），Historical photo (left) 2017 photo before renovation (right) © KASA _ Kovaleva and Sato Architects

The original architecture of the Pavilion was defined by the deliberate porosity between its exhibition spaces and their surroundings – with a terrace overlooking the Lagoon, a lavish staircase along one of the main avenues of the Giardini, several outward openings on all sides towards the surrounding environment, and the large skylights that constitute defining features of the building. Another original element of the Pavillion was its green façade, originally intended to blend in with the trees and greenery of its setting, and then changed to ochre after World War II. Over time, several modifications to the envelope of the building have led to most of its windows and doors being closed off entirely, resulting in an introverted box. Meanwhile, on the inside, the floors of the central and northern rooms were raised to expand the exhibition spaces on the ground floor. Additionally, a series of structural issues have led to compromises in its usage over the years.

▼标志性的玻璃顶，The iconic glass roof © Marco Cappelletti