傅英斌工作室：候忠茂去世的时候不到二十岁，他是哪里人？有没有结婚？有没有兄弟姐妹？他的家人是否知道他的去世？这些事情我们都不得而知，这位小战士的墓就像贵州众多的长征红军墓一样，葬在了长征的路上。80 多年前史诗一般的长征震惊世界，铸就了中国革命史上的不朽篇章，然而正是这些默默奉献了年轻生命的战士，才组成了这条地球上的红飘带。我们试图通过这一处普通而微小的的红军墓设计追述个体价值和反思历史的本真。

Fuyingbin Studio: When Hou Zhongmao died, he was less than twenty years old. Where is he from? Is he married? Does he have any siblings? Does his family know his death? None of these questions we were able to answer. The cemetery of this young soldier is one example of many other cemeteries of the Chinese Red Army during their Long March in Guizhou province. He was buried on the road of the Long March. More than 80 years ago, the epic Long March shocked the world and created an immortal chapter in the history of the Chinese revolution. However, these soldiers who silently dedicated their young lives have formed the red ribbon on this earth. We try to trace the individual values and rethink the nature of history by designing this tiny cemetery of an ordinary red army’s soldier.

源起 Origin

贵州遵义桐梓县中关村地处深山，长征中著名的娄山关战役就在村子西南 12 公里处。娄山关战役中负责包抄的一支部队路过村子时，一位生病的小战士被留在村中。淳朴的村民为红军战士送饭治病，不幸的是，一年后小红军还是离开人世。负责为红军治病的村民把红军埋葬在自家山坡的田地之中。这座孤坟就这样在山坡上守候了 80 年，直至 2016 年新一轮的乡村建设，人们再次注意到村里这处长征遗迹。

Zhongguan Village, Tongzi County, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province is located in the deep mountains. The famous Battle of Loushanguan during the Long March was 12 kilometers southwest of the village. An army who was responsible for the ambush in the battle of Lushanguan passed through the village while a sick young soldier was left in the village. The villagers gave food to the soldier. Unfortunately, a year later, the Red Army soldier passed away and the villagers buried him in the fields of their own hillsides. This lonely grave has been watched on the hillside for 80 years. Until a new round of rural construction in 2016, people once again noticed the remains of Long March in the village.

▼红军墓原状 Red Army Tombs Before Reconstruction

经过多方了解，村里唯一知道红军故事的这位老人已经 80 多岁，他的父亲当年为红军治病并埋葬了他，老人把我们带到坟前时这处隐藏在山坡菜地里的荒冢时，这座长满荒草的土丘已经近乎消失，不由得让人感叹这个年轻的生命有着怎样的经历？当年的小战士葬身异乡，他的亲人、战友、爱人会是怎样的感受？这 80 年里可有人记起过他？

我们决定设计一座为普通红军战士缅怀的陵园，这个想法与其他人期待的“烈士墓”大相径庭，经过一番工作，我们的思路终于得以实施。

After investigating, the only person in the village who knows the story of the Red Army Cemetery is over 80 years old. His father used to take care of the soldier and buried him after his death. The old man took us to the grave where hidden in vegetable fields of the hillside. At this time, this grassy cemetery has almost disappeared. We cannot help but wonder what kind of life this young man had experienced? When the young soldier was buried in a land far from hometown, how would his relatives, comrades and lover feel? Can someone still remember him in these 80 years?

We decided to design a cemetery that dedicates to the ordinary Red Army soldiers. This idea is very different from the “Martyr’s Grave” that many others would expect. After thinking and designing, our ideas have finally been implemented.

▼见过当年红军战士的村中老人，老人的父亲曾为红军战士治病 The elder who has met the Red Army, whose father had treated the soldier

设计 Design

环境的主题决定了空间的性质，空间的性质决定了空间序列的方式。纪念性空间最重要的是表述历史事实，传达设计者关于历史事件精神内涵的理解。而景观的物质空间就是构建起设计师与访问者之间的对话桥梁。

此红军墓园的设计主要表现两个方面的内容，一是红军长征这一历史事实。二是对在战争中因病牺牲的普通战士侯忠茂的缅怀。

The theme of the environment determines the nature of space. The nature of space determines the spatial sequences. The most important thing in the commemorative space is to express historical facts and convey the designer’s understanding of the spiritual connotation of historical events. The material space of the landscape is to build a dialogue between the designers and visitors. The design of this Red Army Grave mainly shows two aspects. One is the historical fact of the Red Army and Long March. The second is the memory of Hou Zhongmao, an ordinary soldier who died of illness in the war.

▼总平面图 Masteplan