军械库咖啡 | 半间土房与树的共生设计

项目始于场地的选取。正如设计团队大部分项目一样，场地并不是指定的，而是在踏勘过程中，精心挑选的结果。韩洪沟老村呈一个狭长的梭子形，场地位于韩洪沟老村中后部，前面是村中的沟渠和空地。因为正好处于地理长轴的中线上，所以场地很自然的成为了视线的焦点，也是观赏村庄中心景观最理想的位置。选择在这里设立休闲性的公共建筑，其逻辑类似于中国传统园林中亭或轩榭的设立，既是观景的落脚点，也是被看的景观主体。

The project begins with site selection. As with most projects of the design team, the site is not designated, but the result of careful selection during the survey. The old village of Hanhonggou is of a long and narrow shuttle-shaped landform. The site is located in the middle and rear of the old village, with ditches and open spaces in front of it. Because it is just on the middle line of the geographical long axis, the site naturally becomes the focus of the line of sight, and is also the most ideal location for viewing the central landscape of the village. The logic of choosing to set up the public buildings for leisure here is similar to the establishment of pavilions in traditional Chinese gardens: It is not only the foothold for viewing the landscape, but also the main body of the landscape to be viewed.

雪中的咖啡厅，Cafe in snow©金伟琦、三文建筑

场地是村中的废弃宅基地，据传曾是抗战时期太岳军区枪械修理局所在地。原有房屋已经大部分坍塌，只剩半间土房和基址，现存的院门也是后来根据当地民居形式复建的。枪械修理局的戏剧性主题也是选择这里的原因之一，它也对后续设计语言的选择提供了依据。

The site was an abandoned homestead in the village that is said to once be the location of the Firearms Repair Bureau of Taiyue Military Region during the Anti-Japanese War. Most of the original houses have collapsed, leaving only half of the earthen house and the foundation site. The existing courtyard gate was later rebuilt according to the local residential form. The dramatic theme of the Firearms Repair Bureau is also one of the reasons for choosing this site, which also provides a basis for the selection of subsequent design languages.

▼从远处看咖啡厅，Cafe viewed from far©金伟琦、三文建筑

场地中最明显，也最吸引人的元素是残留的半间土房和参差的树。土房已经倒塌了一半，残留的半间给人一种凝固的时间感，但又不是悲凉。由于院子中主要的房屋已经全部倒塌，只剩基址，因此场地中的树就成为了视觉和空间的另一个主体。此处树的品种并不名贵，树形瘦高，树干呈黑色，如同一排杆子，插在场地中。它们很自然的成为从远处观看场地的前景。在一组竖直的“杆子”中有一个异类——场地中央一颗严重倾斜的树，树干与地面的角度几乎是 30 度，给人一种不真实的“摇滚”感，增加了场地的戏剧性。

The most obvious and attractive elements in the site are the remaining half earthen house and uneven trees. Half of the earthen house has collapsed, and the remaining half gives people a sense of time, yet without sadness. As the main buildings in the courtyard have collapsed, leaving only the base site, the trees in the site become another subject of vision and space. The species of trees here are not valuable, which are tall and thin, with black trunks, like a row of poles inserted in the field. They naturally become the foreground of viewing the venue from a distance. In a group of vertical “poles”, there is a disparate one – a tree with a serious inclination in the middle of the site. The angle between the trunk and the ground is almost 30 degrees, which gives people an unreal sense of “rocking” and increases the dramaticism of the venue.

▼场地原貌，Original appearance of site ©三文建筑

在观察完场地后，建筑师决定保留半间土房和树，并以它们为基点，构建新的空间关系。新建筑避让老房子和树，呈 L 字型，L 的里侧是半间土房，新建筑半围合老房子。L 的长边外侧是那排竖直的树，它们构成了建筑前面的剪影。“摇滚树”被保留，仍旧倾斜着指向建筑，在建筑师的想象中，孩子们可以调皮的顺着倾斜的树干走上去，再从半高处跳下来，这本就是童年生活的一部分。施工完成后，新旧建筑之间，建筑与树木之间形成了一种共生关系，它们彼此交错，达成了新的平衡。

After observing the site, the architect decided to preserve the half earthen house together with the trees and build a new spatial relationship based on them. The new building gives way to the old house and trees in the shape of the letter L, of which the inner side is the half earthen house, which is half enclosed by the new building. On the outside of the long side of the L is a row of vertical trees, which form a silhouette in front of the building. The “rocking tree” is preserved and still tilts to the building. In the architect’s imagination, children can naughtily walk up the sloping tree trunk and then jump down from half height, as a part of their childhood.After the completion of the construction, a symbiotic relationship has been formed between the old and the new buildings, as well as between the buildings and the trees. They crisscross with each other and reach a new balance.

▼生成图，Generation graph ©三文建筑

建筑为一层，强调水平方向的表达：平屋顶、室外平台和出挑的檐口设计都使建筑看上去很舒展。从远处看，建筑的水平线和树的垂直线形成了一种十字相交的关系，强化了建筑与树之间的图底关系。

The flat roof, outdoor platform and overhanging cornice design all make the single-storey building look relaxed. From a distance, the horizontal line of the building and the vertical line of the trees form a cross intersecting relationship, strengthening the figure-ground relation between the building and the trees.

▼咖啡厅鸟瞰，Bird’s eye view of cafe ©金伟琦、三文建筑

建筑立面的开合逻辑依循视线和景观的逻辑。外侧立面，面向中心景观的部分开放，落地玻璃的设计将室外景色引入建筑，建筑和环境的界面也被透明材料柔化，视线得以在室内外渗透。朝向道路的墙面相对封闭，采用当地传统的磊石工艺完成。面向内院的立面则以半间土房为核心，靠近它的部分为落地玻璃，远离老房子的立面则以封闭墙体为主。

The opening and closing logic of building facade follows the logic of sight line and landscape. Parts of the exterior facade are open to the central landscape. The design of fullview glass windows introduces the outdoor scenery into the building. The interface between the building and the environment is softened by transparent materials, and the sight can penetrate indoors and outdoors. The wall facing the road is relatively closed, which is completed by local traditional stone-laying technology. The facade facing the inner courtyard is centered on the half earthen house, the part near which is fullview glass, while the facade away from which is mainly enclosed wall.

▼从村路俯视咖啡厅，Overlooking the cafe from Village Road©金伟琦、三文建筑

咖啡厅为乡村提供了休闲的场所，Cafe provides a leisure place for the village ©金伟琦、三文建筑

建筑主体结构为钢结构，外立面材料主要为玻璃和毛石。钢结构既可以保证施工的速度，又可避免新建筑对树木的影响。毛石是此地的传统建筑的典型特色，它有利于新建筑与场所之间建立一种时间和空间上的文脉联系。

The main structure of the building is steel structure, and the facade materials are mainly glass and rubble. Steel structure not only ensures the speed of construction, but also avoids the impact of new buildings on trees. Rubble is a typical feature of the local traditional architecture, which is conducive to the establishment of a temporal and spatial context between the new building and the site.

咖啡厅夜景，Night view of cafe©金伟琦、三文建筑

在功能上，新建筑是咖啡厅和水吧，它为韩洪沟民宿客人提供了主要的公共休闲场所。为了保护场地中的树，建筑室内分为两个区域，两个区域之间是一个半开放的灰空间，一颗树从中间穿出。新建筑在服务外来客人之余，也给村庄带来了生机，为老村平添了一份时尚的气氛。

In terms of function, the new building is a cafe with water bar, which provides a main public leisure place for the guests of homestays in Hanhonggou. In order to protect the trees in the site, the interior of the building is divided into two areas. Between the two areas is a semi open gray space, and a tree goes out from the middle. In addition to serving foreign guests, the new building also brings vitality to the village and adds a fashionable atmosphere to the old village.

▼庭院夜景，Night view of courtyard ©金伟琦、三文建筑

建筑外部空间由院落和室外平台区域两部分组成。院落不大，新建筑位于院落西北部，建筑入口的灰空间为客人提供户外小坐的可能性。老土房和“摇滚树”在院子中间，可看可玩。院落东南角设立有烧烤池和室外坐席，可以供多人在户外聚会烧烤。夜晚，吃着烤串、喝着啤酒，仰望星空，很惬意。

The external space of the building is composed of courtyard and outdoor platform area. The courtyard is small, and the new building is located in the northwest of the courtyard. The gray space at the entrance of the building provides the possibility of outdoor sitting for guests. The old earthen house and “rocking tree” are in the middle of the yard, which can be seen and played. There are barbecue pool and outdoor seats in the southeast corner of the courtyard, which can be used for many people to gather and barbecue outdoors. In nights, eating grilled skewers, drinking beer, and looking up at the stars, what an enjoyment!

▼从院门看完成后的建筑，Completed buildings viewed from courtyard door ©金伟琦、三文建筑

▼新建筑围绕老土墙布置，New buildings arranged around the old earth wall©金伟琦、三文建筑

新建筑西面靠近水池的区域，设计了室外木平台和沙坑。木平台可供客人在室外落座，沙坑则是孩子们玩耍的天堂。

In the west of the new building near the pool area, outdoor wooden platforms and sand pit are designed. The wooden platform allows guests to take their seats outdoors, and the sand pit is a paradise for children.

▼咖啡厅西侧的水池和沙坑，Pool and sandpit on the west side of the cafe©金伟琦、三文建筑

因为建筑的前身曾经是抗战时期的枪械修理局，军事自然成为室内设计的主题。室内并不复杂，也不追求细腻的奢华感，地面和墙面主要采用红砖，利用了砖良好的尺度，半手工的质感和温暖的体感，中和了钢和玻璃的冰冷。

Because the predecessor of the building was the Firearms Repair Bureau during the Anti-Japanese War, military naturally became the theme of interior design. The interior is not complicated and does not pursue exquisite luxury. The floor and walls are mainly made of red brick, which takes advantage of the good scale of brick, semi manual texture and warm body feeling, neutralizing the cold of steel and glass.

▼咖啡厅室内，Interior of cafe ©金伟琦、三文建筑

▼咖啡厅室内外视线有很好的交流，Cafe with good communication between indoor and outdoor lines of sight ©金伟琦、三文建筑

地面在局部区域选用了橄榄绿釉面瓷砖，与红砖形成色彩和质感上的对比，活跃了气氛。吧台和固定坐席使用水泥抹灰，配合工业感的桌椅，弹药箱造型的坐凳，以及暴露的屋顶设备管线，空间给人硬朗的气质。灯光选用裸泡的处理，暖黄色的光，略微刺眼的眩光，都暗示了空间的休闲身份。

The olive green glazed tile is selected for the ground partially, which forms the contrast of color and texture with red brick and enlivens the atmosphere. The bar counter and fixed seats are plastered with cement. With industrial style furniture, ammunition box shaped benches, and exposed roof equipment pipelines, the space gives a strong and tough temperament. The choice of naked bubble lighting, warm yellow light, slightly dazzling glare, all imply the leisure identity of the space.

▼红砖、绿色瓷砖，军事主题的家具定义了室内的基调，Red brick, green ceramic tile and military themed furniture define the tone of the interior ©金伟琦、三文建筑

▼半手工的质感和温暖的体感，中和了钢和玻璃的冰冷，semi manual texture and warm body feeling, neutralizing the cold of steel and glass©金伟琦、三文建筑

▼吧台区细部，Details of bar zone ©金伟琦、三文建筑

咖啡厅于 2020 年 7 月初步建成，开始试运行接待顾客。但正如古语所说：“好事多磨”，沁源县遇到了几十年不遇的雨季，连续近 2 个月的下雨使村中的很多老土房都开始出现破损，甚至有些房屋因为屋顶漏雨而坍塌。咖啡厅院子里的老土房也没能幸免，8 月底工人发现老土房的墙角开始出现裂缝，墙体开始倾斜。虽然全力抢修，但不幸的是土墙的开裂和倾斜并没有停止。无奈之下，为了保证安全，只能拆除屋顶和部分墙体。

The coffee shop has been built in July 2020 and put into trial operation to receive customers. However, as the old saying goes, “The road to happiness is strewn with setbacks.” Qinyuan County encountered the rainy season that has not happened in decades. The rain for nearly two months has made many old earthen houses in the village begin to be damaged, and some houses even collapsed because of the roof leakage, incl. the old earthen house in the courtyard of the cafe. At the end of August, workers found that cracks began to appear in the corners of the old house and the walls began to tilt. Unfortunately, the cracks and inclinations of the walls did not stop in spite of all the repairs. Finally, in order to ensure safety, the roof and part of the walls had to be demolished.

▼韩洪沟老村鸟瞰，Bird’s eye view of Hanhonggou old village©金伟琦、三文建筑

并没有完全抹去老土房的痕迹，在建筑师的要求下，保留了下半部分土墙。它与原来设计的小沙坑一起形成了供儿童游戏的活动场地。被“降低”的墙体意外的将新建筑暴露出来，并使内院空间更为舒朗。未来，建筑师仍然会对老土墙进行保护和再利用，但当下的状态的确是一种偶得。有时候，建筑就是如此，一切皆有可能，塞翁失马，焉知非福。

Yet the traces of the old earthen house has not been completely erased, as the lower part of the walls has been retained at the request of the architect. With the originally designed small bunker together, it forms a playground for children. The “lowered” walls accidentally expose the new building and make the interior space of the courtyard more comfortable. In the future, the architect will still protect and reuse the old earth walls, but the current state is indeed a kind of windfall. Sometimes, architecture is like this: Everything is possible. A blessing in disguise, as the Chinese say.

▼施工过程，Construction process©三文建筑

总平面图，site plan©三文建筑

▼首层平面图，GF plan ©三文建筑

项目信息：地点：山西省沁源县沁河镇韩洪沟村业主：沁源县沁河镇人民政府建筑、室内：三文建筑主持建筑师：何崴、陈龙团队成员：梁筑寓、桑婉晨、刘明阳、曹诗晴、赵馨泽、李俊琪、张浩然（实习）项目顾问：周榕、廉毅锐驻场工程师：刘卫东设计时间：2019 年建成时间：2020 年建筑面积：170㎡摄影：金伟琦、三文建筑

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