威尼斯 Palazzo Grassi 里的历史沉思 | 卢克·图伊曼斯个展“La Pelle”

The Belgian artist’s gripping retrospective casts the neoclassical surrounds of Palazzo Grassi in a sombre shroud as he reflects on history’s darkest chapters

Luc Tuymans’ solo exhibition ‘La Pelle’ at Palazzo Grassi, Venice, features a site-specific mosaic installation in the atrium, Schwarzheide (2019), based on a painting the artist made in 1986, which in turn was inspired by the sketches of Holocaust survivor Alfred Kantor. © Palazzo Grassi. Photography: Delfino Sisto Legnani and Marco Cappelletti

In 2001, Luc Tuymans stunned visitors to the Venice Biennale with his paintings exploring the colonial brutality of his native Belgium in the Congo. Now he’s back, this time to let rip at the majestic Palazzo Grassi with his first full-scale solo exhibition in Italy – and emotions are still running high.

The exhibition is the latest in the Pinault Collection’s cycle of cartes blanches and monographic shows, which began in 2012 to coincide with the Venice Architecture Biennale. Tuymans takes the baton from Damien Hirst whose divisive show ‘Treasures from the Wreck of the Unbelievable’ was regarded marvellous by some, and deemed the most expensive artistic flop in recent history by others. Either way, the bar of notoriety was set high and Tuymans does everything but disappoint.

‘La Pelle’ (‘the skin’), takes its name from Curzio Malaparte’s troubling 1943 novel detailing wartime turmoil, misogyny and wounding moral collapse. ‘I don’t think he’s necessarily a formidable writer. I think he was a bit of a megalomaniac,’ Tuymans remarks. More than 80 paintings and one large mosaic trace the artist’s career from 1986 to present day, covering everything from fascism to folly and are, as the artist puts it, an ‘authentic forgery of reality’.

From left, Murky Water, 2015; and Le Mépris, 2015, by Luc Tuymans. © Palazzo Grassi. Photography: Delfino Sisto Legnani and Marco Cappelletti

When painting almost huffed its final breath in the 1990s, Tuymans was on hand to resuscitate with a new breed of figurative painting, and for that we are indebted. Cut, pasted then painted, Tuymans’ works are frequently archival abbreviations of press, internet and film source material, shorthand chronicles for seminal moments in culture and history, all burdened with secrets and narrative chaos. But if you didn’t read up, you’d probably never know. ‘I didn’t want words on the walls. I loathe those,’ he says. This lack of context shifts all the mental heavy lifting onto the viewer. The load is almost unmanageable, but the intrigue alone provides enough fuel to persevere.

‘La Pelle’ offers little to no theme or chronology, and Tuymans by nature isn’t an easy read. It’s like peeping into someone else’s bank of fragmented memories, frantically searching for something solid to grasp. The visions are peripheral, jumbled and intangible. ‘He does not intend to take the visitor by the hand, he is asking them to make an effort to come closer; a reflection and a physicality instead,’ explains curator Caroline Bourgeois.

Step off a vaporetto and it won’t take you long to spot the first Tuymans intervention. But within seconds of making the transition from water to dry land, the game of deception has begun. A large floor mosaic has already nabbed all the limelight, even amid the architectural flamboyance of Palazzo Grassi. Schwarzheide (2019) proudly sprawls across the columned atrium comprising thousands of Milanese marble tiles. The piece depicts an assembly of sparse pine trees divided by strict vertical lines. Innocent scenery? Of course not, this is Luc Tuymans. It is in fact a composition based on a painting he made in 1986, which in turn was inspired by drawings from Alfred Kantor, a Schwarzheide concentration camp survivor. The lines denote where prisoners were forced to cut their drawings into strips to avoid confiscation.

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Many of Tuymans’ paintings look like they’ve been through the wash a few times, or been left in direct sunlight too long. In the portraits, faces appear pickled and have an air of hostility and judgemental disbelief, or is that sarcasm? They know something we don’t have language for, but you know it probably isn’t pleasant.

There’s one painting, The Heritage VI (1996), of a middle-aged square-looking man wearing glasses and smiling with toothy glee. On consulting the exhibition catalogue you feel the tingle of the plot thickening once again. It’s Joseph Milteer, right-wing extremist and close ally of the Ku Klux Klan. Tuymans was particularly struck by how glasses become Klansmen’s only defining feature when clad in white robes and coned hats.

Schwarzheide, 2019, by Luc Tuymans, installation view at Palazzo Grassi. © Palazzo Grassi. Photography: Matteo De Fina

A colossal still life set up seems to depict a standard medley of fruit, a water jug and possibly a croissant. But this was painted in 2002 in direct response to 9/11; a still life to affirm that there is, still, life following tragedy. Further in, another painting resembles a collection of playful, loosely animalistic shapes; it’s titled Child Abuse, produced in 1989.

This is what makes the exhibition so exhausting. Not its four levels, sparse curation or titanic body of work. It’s the double takes: each work is a deceptive decoy that leaves you begging for resolution at every turn. Afterwards, you’re briefly unable to distinguish fact from fiction, evil from banal or smoke from mirrors – but the stifling fatigue and burden of guilt is worth every second. Tuymans’ ‘La Pelle’ chews you up, spits you out and burrows right under your skin. §

Turtle, 2007, by Luc Tuymans. Courtesy of David Zwirner, New York/London. © Palazzo Grassi. Photography: Delfino Sisto Legnani and Marco Cappelletti

Allo! I, 2012, by Luc Tuymans. Photography: Studio Luc Tuymans, Antwerp

From left, Orchid, 1998; and Mother of Pearl, 2018, by Luc Tuymans. Courtesy of David Zwirner, New York/London and Zeno X Gallery, Antwerp. © Palazzo Grassi. Photography: Delfino Sisto Legnani and Marco Cappelletti

Penitence, 2018, by Luc Tuymans. Photography: Studio Luc Tuymans, Antwerp

The Arena I, II, III, 2014, by Luc Tuymans. © Palazzo Grassi. Photography: Delfino Sisto Legnani and Marco Cappelletti