Apan（墨西哥全国劳动者住房信息研究与实践性实验）

Apan是名为“墨西哥全国劳动者住房信息研究与实践性实验”实验室总体规划的一部分，该规划囊括了32个可持续发展研究中心的乡村住宅实验原型。

Apán, is a project part of a master plan called “Laboratory of Research and Practical Experimentation of Housing INFONAVIT” includes 32 experimental prototypes of rural housing of the Research Center for Sustainable Development.

▼住宅外观，exterior view of the house © Rafael Gamo

该项目旨在于农村地区建造一栋符合体面住宅特征并满足用户需求的住房。团队从对科阿韦拉州萨拉戈萨镇的选址分析出发，以实现住房原型的完全适应性。项目所处的位置以及邻近城市皮德拉内格拉与美国的联系，使当地的社会环境变得特殊，居民们也通过建筑等形式来表达对美国生活方式的强烈渴望。活跃的圣安东尼奥河（格兰德河的一个分支）让气候极端的萨拉戈萨拥有了相对稳定的湿度环境，大大小小的灌溉水渠也因此在当地随处可见。

The objective of the project was to build a house in a rural context that met the characteristics of a decent home and satisfied the needs of users. In the same way, the project departs from the analysis of the site at the town of Zaragoza, Coahuila with a specific purpose of achieving a complete adaptability of the housing prototype to the site. Its location and proximity to the city of Piedras Negras generates a particular social context due to its connection with the United States. The inhabitants of this locality present a strong aspiration to the American way of life that was reflected in the buildings of the localities. On the other hand, Zaragoza has an extreme climate, but with a presence of humidity due to the San Antonio River, which is a slope of the Rio Grande. Due to this, the acequias can be appreciated in the different localities of the municipality.

▼与周围环境相适应的住宅设计， the design of the house is suitable for the surrounding environment © Rafael Gamo

▼可抵挡恶劣天气的混凝土墙，concrete walls to protect against bad weather © Rafael Gamo

团队计划采用以染色砂土打造的砖石结构为基础的当地建筑体系。所有建筑墙体都添加了混凝土层，以抵御当地潮湿的气候。屋顶和雨水排放系统都恢复到了当地传统的乡村住宅风格。

We proposed the use of a local building system based on masonery with a cement – sand covering with dye. All project walls have a concrete layer to withstand the climatic conditions of the local humidity. The roof system recovers the vernacular system of the rural houses, as does the traditional rainwater drainage system.

▼染色砂石打造的建筑外立面，

stained sand and stone create the building’s facade © Rafael Gamo

该项目利用两个体量将私人与公共空间隔开，并恢复了门廊等传统建筑元素。建筑的主入口朝南，生活设施集中在北侧。团队打造了一个没有窗户的立面，并让后方的立面向室外景观开放。此外，他们还依据住户家庭成员的增长需求而提出了一个可调整的模块化空间方案。3.26米的夹层预设高度，旨在通过创建更大的空间来美化乡村住宅。

▼起居空间，living area © Rafael Gamo

▼独特的木制楼梯间，special wooden staircase © Rafael Gamo

The project is based on two volumes dividing the private from the public and recovery elements of the program of traditional architecture, such as the porch. With the main entrance facing south and services concentrated to the north, we generate a facade without windows and the rear facade open to the landscape. A progression scheme is proposed according to the growth of the number of members. The system works by repeating the same chamber module laterally. The project contemplates a mezzanine height of 3.26m with the purpose of dignifying rural housing through the creation of larger spaces.

▼楼梯间与起居空间细部，living space and stair details © Rafael Gamo

▼光线充足的的楼梯拐角，the corner of the well-lit staircase © Rafael Gamo

▼模块化系统平面图，modular system plan © ppaa

Location: Hidalgo, México.

Year: 2017

Construction: 58 sq.m.

Photography: Rafael Gamo

Team: Pablo Pérez Palacios

Miguel Vargas, Jesús García, Laura Fernández, Carla Celis, Jorque Quiroga, Enrique Villegas.