纽约哈德逊河谷现代谷仓住宅

2019/02/01 13:37:27

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五影之家

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Amalgam工作室在纽约哈德逊河谷设计了一所光线充足的新住宅，以现代的手法诠释了历史悠久的谷仓建筑。

Amalgam Studio’s stunning light-filled new house for a single family is a modern take on the local, historic barns of the Hudson River Valley.

河谷中的住宅，residence in the context

住宅坐落在纽约州北部莱茵贝克村附近的一座山坡上，是为一个年轻的家庭而设计，3个楼层共包含4间卧室，旨在满足日常居住和周末度假的全方位需求。受到乡村环境的启发，住宅主体被设计为一个如谷仓般的狭长体量，另外配有一个独立的车房。露天庭院和游泳池被设置在场地中央，使人想起传统农庄的布局。

The recently completed 3 level, 4 bedroom house for a young family sits atop a mountainside on 120 acres, near the quaint village of Rhinebeck in upstate New York, and is designed to adapt over time from a weekender to a full-time residence.Inspired by the rural setting, a long linear barn-like main house and a secondary carriage-house, were placed around an open field and swimming pool, reminiscent of traditional farmstead arrangements.

▼泳池视角，view from the pool area

▼3层的住宅坐落在莱茵贝克村附近的一座山坡上，the 3 level house sits atop a mountainside on 120 acres, near the quaint village of Rhinebeck in upstate New York

▼配套的独立车房，thesecondary carriage-house

住宅主体的建筑面积超过5000平方英尺（465平方米），包含一系列开敞通透的房间、裸露着木梁的天花板、充足的自然光线以及精心设置的、随着四季不断变化的优美景观。

Encompassing over 5,000 square feet (465 sq m), the main residence features airy rooms, ceilings with exposed timber beams, natural light throughout, and carefully defined views that help celebrate the ever-changing seasonal landscape.

▼开敞通透的室内空间，airy rooms based on an open plan

功能分布 | PROGRAM

造型独特的中央楼梯将住宅主体从视觉和功能上分为公共生活区和私人卧室区，顶部还开有全长的天窗。

The main residence is visually and functionally divided into public living and private bedroom areas by a central feature staircase of floating treads and full-length skylights overhead.

▼从立面上看中央的楼梯间，the central feature staircase seen from the facade

▼楼梯间顶部开有全长的天窗，staircase withfull-length skylights overhead

首层的一侧是两间儿童卧室和一间主人套房，另一侧是书房、客厅、餐厅和厨房。生活区安装了8×8英尺的滑动玻璃门，可以直接通往户外的休闲平台。楼梯下方是一个占据整层的地下室，包含媒体室、游戏室、酒窖、书房和一间客人套房。楼梯的上方是一个光线充足的多功能阁楼空间，由几个天窗提供照明。位于住宅主体旁边的是一个配套的车房，首层包含一个3车位的车库、一间仓库和一间工作坊，二层设有一个功能灵活的音乐室和工作空间。

▼平面图，plan

On the ground level, one side contains two children’s bedrooms and a master suite. The other half encompasses a den, living room, dining area and kitchen. The living areas utilize 8ft by 8ft sliding glass doors leading directly onto decks for outdoor entertaining. Downstairs is a full basement containing media room, games room, wine cellar, study and guest suite. Upstairs is a bright, white, minimal multi-functional loft space lit by several skylights. The nearby, detached Carriage House comprises a 3-car garage, storage and workshop on the ground level, with an adaptable music room and studio space upstairs.

首层的一侧是书房、客厅、餐厅和厨房区域，onehalf of the ground level encompasses a den, living room, dining area and kitchen。

厨房和餐厅，kitchen and dinging area

▼走廊，corridor

现代化的本土风格 | Modern Vernacular

Amalgam Studio的首席建筑师兼创始人Ben Albury将这座房子描述为“现代化的本土风格”：“现代化说的是它最新的材料技术和美学、开放式的平面、细部设计、线性的布局、先进的能源效率和高度的舒适性。而本土风格则关乎它的形状、体量、位置、视觉语言、建造方法以及与当地传统历史建筑相似的物质性和耐久性。”

The lead architect and founder of Amalgam Studio, Ben Albury describes the house as ‘Modern Vernacular’: “Modern relates to the latest in material technology, contemporary aesthetics, open-planning, detailing, linear configuration, state-of-the-art energy efficiency and comfort levels. Whereas Vernacular relates to the shape, massing, siting, visual language, construction methodology, materiality and durability of historic, traditional, local architecture.”

▼从起居室望向餐厨空间，view from the living area

▼厨房窗景，window scenery

现代谷仓 | The Modern Barn Concept

设计团队在项目开始之前研究了3个在18-19世纪期间建造的谷仓原型，并借此确定了山墙、室内布局和体量的样式，并促使设计师在住宅中使用外露的结构框架、与教堂类似的天花板、阁楼空间、大型滑动玻璃门、天然石材、木质衬里以及木质的外墙和屋面等。对此，Albury继续解释道：“在谷仓中生活的想法十分浪漫和理想化，但在这个时代却并不那么现实，因此设计的关键就是要打造一个可以用来居住的、像谷仓一样的新结构。”

Conceptually the house design evolved from the architect’s research into three historic archetypes : the New World Dutch, 3 Bay English and New England Barns, all built throughout the area during the 18th and 19th Centuries. These archetypes helped inform the strong gable form, interior planning and overall massing. They also inspired the use of exposed structural framework, cathedral ceilings, loft spaces, large sliding glass doors, natural stone to the basement walls, wood lining to the interiors, and wood cladding to exterior walls and roofing. “The idea of living in a barn is romantic, idealistic, but totally unrealistic in this day and age. The key was to make a new barn-like structure livable.” explains Albury.

设计使用了与谷仓类似的建筑语言，the design adapted thearchetypes ofhistoric barns

结构 | Structure

住宅的主体结构长100英尺，由14个“弯折”的框架以8英尺为间隔排列而成，每个框架的宽度为22英尺，高度为21英尺，均由烧过的道格拉斯冷杉木制成，通过螺栓被直接固定在场地中，装配的时间不到5个小时。“就和以往在传统社区建造谷仓一样，住宅中所有的木结构在一天之内就装配完成了。”

The 100ft long main house structure is made up of fourteen repetitive ‘bent’ frames spaced at 8ft centers. These 22ft wide, 21ft high charred Douglas Fir frameworks were raised one-by-one from the horizontal and bolted upright into place within 5 hours. “Much like the traditional community barn-raising events of the past, the entire timber structure of the home was raised in one day” states Albury.

▼结构分析图，structural diagram

能源效率 | Energy Efficiency

建筑团队为该项目开发了一个高性能的立面系统，由超高水平的隔热层、气密膜、雨幕和三层玻璃构成。可调节的外部遮阳装置和墙壁内部的热回收通风装置能够帮助提高室内空间的舒适度和适应性，同时保证优质的空气质量。可控制的窗户和推拉门促进了空气对流。壁炉和烧柴炉能够同时提供暖气，也可以使用节能型的空调系统。所有的设施都是通过电力运行的，整个住宅完全不使用化石燃料。人工照明基本全部采用LED。位于地下室的酒窖也是被动式的，无须安装空调设备。屋顶的多个天窗在保证二层采光的同时，也能够直接将光线引入地下室。该住宅拥有北美地区面积最大的、得到被动式房屋认证的住宅用三层玻璃天窗。

立面系统由超高水平的隔热层、气密膜、雨幕和三层玻璃构成，the architects developed a high-performance facade of super-insulation, air-tight membranes, rain screens and triple glazing throughout。

车房立面细部，carriage-house facade detail

灵活性 | Resiliency

该住宅是以100年的使用寿命为预期而设计的。建筑中选用的所有材料都十分耐用，随着时间的推移将自然地变旧，但几乎不需要去维护。室内空间的设计目标是为之赋予良好的适应性和灵活性，使其随着家庭的扩大而发挥出更多的功能。根据需要，顶层阁楼可以整体被改造为幼儿室、游戏室、绘画室或分隔为储物空间、书房和办公室等。同样地，外部车房的顶层阁楼也可以在未来某些时候变成招待客人用的套间。

The house was designed and detailed with a 100 year time period in mind. “I felt fortunate to have clients that thought in generational terms. It was a mindset of longevity that I greatly appreciated” Albury states. All materials were selected to be durable, to age naturally over time, and need little, if any, maintenance. Rooms and spaces were designed to be adaptable and flexible, performing multiple functions as the family grows. The entire upstairs loft can be modified over time into nursery, play space, rumpus room, drawing room, or divided into distinct storage, study and office loft spaces as needed. Similarly, the upstairs loft space in the Carriage house was designed to allow future conversion into a guest house, with plumbing capped in place for a possible guest ensuite.

▼顶层阁楼可根据需要进行整体改造，the entire upstairs loft can be modified over time as needed

住宅中的许多设计都是同时出于多种原因和目的而考虑的，例如南立面上精致的遮阳结构，不仅有效减少了夏季的热辐射量，还为整条走廊带来了颇具诗意的光影氛围。在这些结构完全向上打开时，它们将为宽阔的户外露台提供荫蔽，鼓励居住者多去户外活动；而在冬季或太阳高度较低的月份，打开结构反而能够让太阳的热量增加。在灵活性方面，关闭的遮阳结构在寒冷的天气里可以充当挡风的百叶窗，能够抵御迷你龙卷风、极地漩涡等与气候变化相关的恶劣天气。如果不小心在暴风雪期间将遮阳结构打开，它们也可以在重量的作用下向下倾斜使积雪滑落。

Most design decisions and detailing were bolstered with multiple rationales and purposes. The south-facing facade sunshades help showcase this attitude of longevity, resilience, purposefulness and flexibility. These hand-operated, European engineered, finely detailed, pneumatic, tilt-up screens ostensively restrict solar gain during the warmer months. Additionally, they create an ever-changing poetic play of sunlight and shadow throughout the day along the entire length of the house’s main corridor. When opened completely upwards, they provide shade for the expansive exterior deck, encouraging outdoor entertainment beneath, acting like a pergola or verandah. Conversely, kept open during cold months of low sun height, they allow for additional solar heat gain. In terms of resiliency, the shades, when closed down, act as hurricane shutters in the colder months against mini-tornadoes, nor-easters, polar vortexes, bomb-cyclones and other future severe inclement weather events related to climate change. If accidentally left open during a snowstorm, they are designed to tip downwards under the weight of snow, cleverly shedding the snow in the process.

▼南立面上精致的遮阳结构在减少热辐射量的同时还为整条走廊带来颇具诗意的光影氛围，the south-facing facade sunshades ostensively restrict solar gain while create an ever-changing poetic play of sunlight and shadow along the main corridor

产品技术 | ProductTechnology

建筑的外墙、平台和屋顶均选用了新型的材料。这是一种经过生物基液处理的、特征与硬木类似的可持续松木，具有防霉防虫的稳定性能，质量保证期长达30年。“这款材料被应用在整个外墙的雨幕以及屋顶部分。金属屋顶板的接缝处还使用了特殊的夹装系统，这也是北美的私人住宅首次使用这种系统。”

The cladding to the entire exterior, including the decking and roofing, is a new product to the US. Described as a sustainably sourced plantation pine modified with bio-based liquid, it exhibits hardwood characteristics. This hi-tech natural wood is maintenance-free, unpainted, unstained, insect and mold resistant, dimensionally stable and even warrantied for 30 years. “It was applied as a rainscreen to all outside walls and also covers the roofs, using a unique, innovative clip system atop the standing seams of the metal roof sheeting – a first for a private home in North America” explains Albury.

▼建筑的外墙、平台和屋顶均选用了新型的材料，the cladding to the entire exterior, including the decking and roofing, is a new product to the US.

当地材料 | Local Materials

室内装饰大量使用了当地材料，地板和衬里选用了白色橡木，橱柜采用了胡桃木，山核桃木被用于定制的梳妆台。当地产的花岗岩、板岩和国产石材被用于壁炉、潮湿区域和地下室。室内空间的色调从阁楼层的柔和洁白到首层的干净温暖，到地下室则变得粗犷、硬朗和深沉。

A clear focus on local materials informed interior finish selections. Tree species endemic to the heavily wooded 120 acre property were selected for warmth and character: white oak for flooring and lining, walnut for cabinetry, hickory for feature vanity units. Local granite, slate and domestic quarried stone guided choices for the chimney hearth, wet areas and basement masonry respectively. The palette progresses from the soft whiteness of the loft, to the clean warmth of the ground floor, to the raw, harder, elemental and darker spaces of the basement.

▼首层空间的色调干净温暖，the clean warmth of the ground floor

▼壁炉墙使用了产自当地的石材，domestic quarried stone guided choices for the chimney hearth

▼客厅细部，living room detailed view

视野 | Views

每个窗户都是基于对光线和视野的精心控制而设置的。全玻璃的入口和楼梯间有意地朝向了场地中央的松树林。四面巨大的可升降滑动玻璃门可直接通向南北两侧的平台，带来180度的全景视野，在室内和室外之间形成了强大的连接。

Careful control of light and the framing of views were considered for each fenestration element. “The surrounding landscape is so beautiful and ever-changing, it was obvious the house design needed to celebrate this pristine scenery” states Albury. The fully glazed entrance and stairwell deliberately aligns with a mid-distant stand of pine trees: a favorite perch for a resident Bald Eagle.Four huge square-shaped lift & slide glass doors open up to the north and south decks for more expansive, 180 degree vistas, providing a strong connection between indoors and outdoors.

▼卧室的宽阔窗户，the large opening of the bedroom

南北两侧的平台在室内和室外之间形成了强大的连接，the decks provide a strong connection between indoors and outdoors

北面的窗户采用了大型单片玻璃，能够最大化地捕捉远处的山景。卧室内的窗边休息区带来了更多赏景和沉思的机会，居住者可以在舒适的室内环境里享受到户外的气息。末端卧室的私人区域享有独一无二的、一直延伸到水域的全景视野。条带状的地下室窗户强调出种满野花的草甸视野。阁楼顶部朝北的天窗带来夜晚观星的最佳视角。沿着主立面延伸的走廊引入了附近落叶橡树林的垂直景观。8英尺高的南向窗户和带有可调节外部遮阳结构的落地双扇玻璃门共同为住宅带来戏剧性的光影效果。

Selective smaller, north-facing windows are detailed as picture-windows to maximize the expansive views out towards the distant hills and mountain ranges beyond. Additionally, bedroom window seats encourage active use and inspire further contentment, appreciation and contemplation of the outdoors, whilst being comfortably indoors. Private areas of the end bedrooms have unique full-height framed views down to the pristine trout-filled river waters of the Roeliff Jansen Kill. Horizontal basement windows are at a high-level emphasizing the wild flower meadows stretching beyond. Tall, slanting north-facing skylights in the upstairs loft become optimal stargazing portals on a clear-sky night. The main galleria corridor running the length of the house frames vertical views of nearby deciduous oak woodlands at either end. But perhaps it’s the line of south-facing 8ft high windows and French-doors employing the adjustable exterior sunshades that offers the house’s highlight of dramatic light control and shadow-play: "Ultimately, it’s a house that plays with light" summarizes Albury.

卧室内的窗边休息区带来了更多赏景和沉思的机会，bedroom window seats encourage active use and inspire further contentment