巴塞罗那 Can Batlló保障住宅 · 环形服务空间与庭院设计

2018/12/03 03:22:49

查看完整案例

微信扫一扫

下载

你可能还喜欢

换一换

五影之家

CLB Architects

188

动态弧形停车楼

履露斋建筑

Dietschiberg 山铁路谷站 · 室内设计之美

131

191

2018年11月，Espinet / Ubach建筑工作室完成了一个由26个居住单元组成的住宅项目，项目位于巴塞罗那具有象征意义的老Can Batlló纺织厂附近。住宅的中央庭院是设计的驱动因素，它可以调节建筑温度并且也是社区生活的中心。Can Batlló保障住宅是一个由Municipal Patronat de l’Habitatge de Barcelona（PMHB）举办的公开竞赛项目。场地位于Sants中心地带，原来Can Batlló纺织厂（现被列为“公共利益”）边缘的一个剩余地块。这个区域的三面可以看到不同的城市景观。

November 2018, the architecture studio Espinet / Ubach has completed a project consisting of 26 social housing units situated next to the emblematic old textile factory Can Batlló in Barcelona.

A central courtyard is the driving element of the project, as it regulates the temperature of the building and acts as the epicentre of community life.

The residential building of Can Batlló is the result of a public competition organized by the Municipal Patronat de l’Habitatge de Barcelona (PMHB).

It is located on a residual site, bordering the former textile factory of Can Batlló (which has been classified as ‘of public interest’), in the heart of the Sants district.

The plot has three sides that look out onto varying urban landscapes.

▼社会保障住宅概览，view of the social housing

建筑体量位于Carrer Parcerisa的一端，通过一条小路与公园相连，公园内保留了Can Batlló遗留下来的主立面。

以“开放道路”为题，竞赛要求符合当地建筑的规定，并以不同高度“包裹”结构为概念。

建筑师最先采用的方式是挖掘内部庭院的品质，庭院不仅作为照明和通风元素，也是住宅之间连接的工具。

庭院作为气候调节器，在建筑生物气候研究中取得了非常好的效果。

The volume of the building stands on one hand at the end of the Carrer Parcerisa and on the other by a small passageway to a park that accommodates the main facade of the remains of Can Batlló.

Under the title ‘Opening Roads’, the competition presented the concept of a ‘wrapped’ structure of different heights, in accordance with local regulations on exterior and interior levels. This initial approach allowed us to explore the qualities of an interior courtyard, not only as a lighting and ventilation element, but also as an instrument of connection between the dwellings. The courtyard works as a climatic machine and has obtained very favourable results in the bioclimatic study of the building.

▼从街道看住宅，view on the street

项目提出了一种理解住宅内部布局的新方式。环形服务空间围绕内部庭院设置，灵活性的生活空间设置在靠近建筑外立面的部分。建筑“皮肤”按照最佳视觉效果融入每个立面。最终结果是建筑立面产生精妙的开洞，非正交的围护结构和打破几何序列的分隔墙。

The programme presents a new way of understanding the internal layout of the dwellings. A ring of service areas has been placed around the courtyard, in the inner crown, and flexible living areas on the exterior facade.The ’skin’ of the building adapts to each façade and produces optimal visual assembly. The result is the subtle fractures in the façade, the de-orthogonally of the envelope, and the break in geometric order of the dividing walls.

▼建筑“皮肤”，the skin of the building

庭院的中心性是最重要的秩序，庭院不仅是通往公寓的通道也是朝向天空的眼睛，吸引着昼夜与四季的阳光。由于产生的气流，它既是外部环境的导管，又可以排除内部产生的不良空气。

The formal order arises from the centrality of the courtyard. More than a mere passageway to the apartments, it becomes an oculus that opens towards the sky, attracting the light of night and day, winter and summer. It is both a conduit of the exterior environment and expels undesirable atmospheric conditions that are produced in the interior of the building, thanks to the current of air it generates.

庭院是朝向天空的眼睛，courtyard is an oculus that opens to the sky

庭院可以调节内部气候，courtyard can adjust the climate inside

建筑在街道层有很强的存在感。门廊遮蔽车库入口，扩大了通向Can Batlló公园的人行道。立面的处理方式也反映了建筑师的这一意图：上部拥有垂直窗洞的白色立面与地面层黑灰色波纹板围合材料。由于这种色彩对比，建筑产生了“漂浮”感。

▼建筑产生漂浮感，building appears to ‘float’

The building has a robust presence at street level. A porch shelters the entrance to the garage and enlarges the pedestrian access to the Can Batlló park. The treatment of facades reflects this intention; vivid white vertical perforations on the floors that accommodate the apartments and dark grey in the treatment of corrugated sheets on the ground floor. The building appears to ‘float’ thanks to this chromatic contrast.

▼门廊掩盖车库入口，aporch shelters the entrance to the garage

窗户|THE WINDOWS

窗户的大小和形状加强了这种感觉。立面上窗洞都是垂直的，根据内部空间决定由一个、两个或三个模块组成。所有模块还包含一个折叠铝制百叶窗系统，这是一个具有建设性的解决方案，既操作简单又能保证紧密闭合。

The size and shape of the windows reinforces this sensation. All the perforations on the facade are vertical in character and in one, two, or three modules; depending on the interior space they serve. In all cases, their closure consists of a system of folding aluminium shutters, a constructive solution that ensures simple manoeuvring and solid closing.

▼立面上大小不同的窗洞，window perforations of different sizes

▼铝制折叠百叶窗系统，a system of folding aluminium shutters

窗户细部，window detail

通道|ACCESS

门廊处有一个入口大厅，大厅内有用于连接的房间、相遇的空间、电梯和围合的楼梯间。入口大厅分隔墙的空间组织形式，使人们可以直接从大厅通往中央庭院。

Access through the porch dictates an entry hall in which there are the rooms for connections, spaces for encounters, elevators and the protected staircase. The composition, located against the dividing wall, allows direct exit to the central courtyard, which also acts as a spatial distributor of the homes.

▼入口大厅，entry hall

天井庭院|THE PATIO

庭院是建筑最重要的结构，充当热量的“烟囱”，这个空间结构像是一个气候引擎，以自然能量为驱动力，将热量（由太阳红外线产生）转为向上流动的热空气，并为内部带来凉爽的空气。

The courtyard is a fundamental piece of the structure of the building, acting as its thermal ‘chimney.’ This spatial structure acts like a climatic engine that changes the heat (generated by solar infrareds), into an upward current of hot air, which counteracts with a cooler air from the environment. It uses natural energy as a driving force.

▼作为气候引擎的庭院，courtyardacts likes a climatic engine

▼雨水滋养的植物，a circle of vegetation fed by rainwater

庭院也是社交、步行、游戏和观赏的场所。作为光和视线过滤器的庭院围墙，由镀锌金属板平行方向安装（与手扶栏杆水平面垂直）构成。庭院内部一层的土壤创造了由雨水滋养的植物圈。立面不同的高度限制，允许光线进入并与周边分离，避免超过内部高度。

The courtyard is also a place of social activities, foot traffic, games and visual stimulation. Its enclosures, which act as light and sight filters, are constructed with galvanized metal plates placed in parallel (orthogonal on the level of the hand railing). On the first floor, the courtyard rests on soil, allowing a circle of vegetation fed by rainwater. The different regulatory heights of the façade allow interesting light inputs and a breakaway for the neighbourhood. They have avoided an excess of interior height.

水平向镀锌金属板，galvanized metal plates placed in parallel

住宅|THE DWELLINGS

中央庭院（通向公寓的主要通道）使每层能够建造6套公寓。除了使用内部照明和通风系统的洗衣房，所有的房间都可以享受自然光线。每套公寓的布置基本相同：两个或三个卧室和由小型服务台作为空间分隔的厨房。

The existence of the central courtyard (the main access to the apartments) has allowed us to construct six apartments per floor. All rooms enjoy natural, exterior light. The exception is the laundry that has interior light and ventilation.The layouts in each one is practically identical; with two or three bedrooms and integrated kitchens, separated spatially by a small service table.

▼庭院内部走廊，corridor alongside the courtyard

▼公寓内部，interior of the apartment

体块造型使建筑师能够在五层放置两个四居室的复式单元，项目一共包含三个这样的复式单元。分隔墙与周围相邻建筑分开（它具有更高的高度），建筑师在这里安装了电梯马达，设备间和楼梯口。一个墙上竖梯可以通往建筑的最高处。

On the fifth floor, the configuration of volumes of the façade has allowed us to place two of the 4-bredroom duplex units of the three that exist in the project. The dividing wall is constituted as a separating element from the neighbouring building (it’s of a greater height) where we have situated the elevator motors, the installation room, and the opening of the staircase. A cat ladder leads to the highest point on the deck.

▼室内楼梯，interior stairs