布达佩斯新地标·UNStudio 斜拉桥设计

在2017年，布达佩斯市政府宣布了一项国际建筑设计竞赛，政府希望为布达佩斯后工业南部地区的多瑙河上建立一座急需的新桥。政府认为新修建的道路、有轨电车、行人以及单车是有效减少交通堵塞的必要途径，并有助于加快市区南部前工业区的发展。UNStudio与Buro Happold工程公司一起合作的设计方案成为了该竞赛的赢家。

In 2017 the Municipal Government of Budapest announced an international architectural design competition to find the design for a much needed new bridge over the Danube in the post-industrial southern area of Budapest. The new road, tram, pedestrian and cycle crossing is deemed necessary to reduce traffic congestion and accelerate the development of the former industrial areas south of the city centre. The design proposal by UNStudio with Buro Happold Engineering was recently announced as the outright winner of the competition.

▼大桥整体一览，渲染图；rendering of the bridge overview

新布达佩斯大桥：平衡

The New Budapest Bridge: in balance

作为Ujbuda和Csepel之间的一个入口，UNStudio的新布达佩斯大桥的设计成为布达佩斯的一个新的标志性的桥梁，有着现代化的设计和创新的结构。该设计将桥梁和城市肌理与未来发展，以及原生景观紧密地结合起来。

Conceived as a gateway between Ujbuda and Csepel, UNStudio’s design for the New Budapest Bridge places a new landmark bridge within the Budapest landscape that is both contemporary in design and innovative in structural form. The design directly connects the bridge to the Urban DNA of its location, its future development and its nascent landscape.

▼大桥将成为布达佩斯的新大门，the bridge will become the new gateway for Budapest

设计人员仔细地研究了当地的环境背景、比例、结构优化以及适应现有的约束和展望布达佩斯的未来，带着城市设计的思想，不仅将这座桥梁设计成了Ujbuda和Csepel之间的可持续交通，同时也是通往城市的大门。

Through a careful study of context and proportion, structural optimisation, accommodation of exist­ing constraints and the future vision of Budapest, the bridge is designed with an urban experience in mind that not only enables sustainable transportation between Ujbuda and Csepel, but also operates as a clear gateway to the city.

城市尺度Urban Scale

项目委员会的陪审团是这样评价的：“从城市设计的角度来看，这是一个最深思熟虑的提案。这座桥既是一个建筑符号，也是一个城市符号，同时也是一种传统的、功能性的桥梁结构，不会影响其环境。桥上的门洞以及桥柱的设计语言和谐一致，与照明设计一起创造出优雅的夜景，配得上成为布达佩斯的大桥。它的甲板结构…这是最好的设计方案之一，下坡时不使用过桥结构，使其能够连接到Budafoki街的地面道路网络。这使得Budafoki周围的地区更人性化、更方便、更友好，这正是支持城市中心发展喝向南扩展布达佩斯核心的一种解决方案。

From the Jury Rapport:” From an urban design point of view, this is the most well thought out entry. The bridge would be both an architectural and cityscape symbol, but is simultaneously a traditional and functional bridge structure that does not impinge on its environment. The coherent design and lighting of the gates and piers make for an elegant evening view, worthy of a Budapest bridge. With its deck structure […], this bridge is statically one of the best designed proposals […] No overpass structures are used for the off-ramp, enabling it to connect to the ground-level road network at Budafoki street. This makes the area around the Budafoki interchange much more human, usable and urban-friendly […] This is exactly the sort of solution needed for supporting the development of the city sub-center, and for extending the core of Budapest Southwards.”

▼大桥切面渲染，section rendering

UNStudio的研究包括景观、城市规划和布达佩斯的未来愿景，最后得到一个500米长的交叉路口，可同时适用于汽车、电车、行人和骑自行车的人。该提议旨在扩大布达佩斯城南部的发展。设计师在周边环境中进行了多种结构类型的测试，最后选择了合适的布局，从而突出其位置并有助于其未来的发展。本·范伯克尔:“这座桥与布达佩斯和谐相处是至关重要的——它的大部分排布都归功于周围的景观——以及它未来的愿景。而且在桥面下方和桥面上都有着畅通无阻的视野。我们想让它作为通往城市的一个门户，就像一个诱人的手势。

UNStudio’s study included landscape, urban planning and Budapest’s future vision and concluded with a 500m long crossing accommodating cars, trams, pedestrians and cyclists. The proposal intends to amplify Budapest’s future development on the south side of the city. Multiple struc­tural typologies were tested within the landscape and a suitable configuration was finally selected which underlined the character of the location and its future developments. Ben van Berkel says, “It was essential that the bridge would be in harmony with Budapest – which owes much of its configuration to the surrounding landscape – and its future vision. It was also important that the bridge enable unobstructed views below and above the bridge deck. We wanted it to operate as a clear gateway to the city, like an inviting gesture of hands.”

▼大桥同时可供电车、汽车和人通行，the bridge accommodates cars, trams pedestrians and cyclists

总结来说，这是一座主跨度为220米的斜拉桥，从桥的多个层面都能一览无余地观景，同时也为布达佩斯南部的发展创造了一个新的城市地标。这种结构类型的建筑物对于布达佩斯来说是史无前例的。塔门是用钢制作的，白色涂漆，并有一层有光泽的外涂层。这样的外层让桥面可以反射周围的环境光彩，使其看上去一直在变化。为了改善桥梁的设计过程、资金成本和全寿命成本，设计师采用了最新的技术手段和材料。

A cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 220m offers unobstructed views on multiple levels from and towards the bridge and simultaneously creates a new urban landmark underlining the development of Budapest’s south. This structural typology is not yet to be found in Budapest. The pylons are crafted from steel and finished in a white paint coating with sheen. This finish endows the bridge with an ever-changing appearance, as the result of its ability to pick up tints and tones from the surrounding environ­ment. The latest tech­nologies and materials have been employed in order to improve the design process, capital cost and full life cost of the bridge.

▼平面图，the plan