意大利乡村家庭住宅，融入自然对话的一层建筑

2014/07/28 08:00:00

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Ellevuelle

Appreciation towards

Ellevuelle

for providing the following description:

业主要求拆除具有严重结构问题的原住宅后重建新住宅。Forlì（意大利）农村住宅是传统的建筑结构，即两层、斜屋顶、灰泥墙。该设计旨在将乡村的经典元素与周围环境结合起来，建立一所与自然对话，面向景观的单层民宅，运用源自景观的颜色和材料，塑造不同类型的空间（以风景为导向的内向型空间。）

业主是一家酿酒厂的经理，家中成员包括夫妇二人、两个儿子和年迈的母亲。

住宅位于核桃园与葡萄园之间的开放区域内。核桃园的面积约为15,000平方米。

The need of the client was to demolish and rebuild the house in which he lived, which had serious structural failure. Forlì country houses are “conventional” forms of building: on two floors, pitched roof, plastered walls. The proposal presented is linked to an “idea of classic” values of the country house and to context: dialogue and opening with the landscape, development of one floor house, use of color and materials related to the landscape, definition of different types of spaces (now open on the landscape, now more introverted).

The client is the director of a winery; his family consists of his wife, two sons and elderly mother. The house is part of an open area between a walnut orchard and a vineyard.

The area of the orchard is approximately 15,000 square meters.

几个世纪的农业和水利传统已经在Forlì的大地上留下了清晰的人类活动印记，经过时间的洗礼，这些印记与自然景观和谐地融在了一起。这里有成排的果园、有犁沟、有围栏：这些轨迹在土地上留下一条条深深浅浅的印痕，将土地变成平行的线条，指引着主要方位。在这幅天然图表中置入建筑便需要确定建筑方位和具体定位，即首先识别图表的天然轮廓，然后将这些轮廓转化为建筑元素。该项目完全顺应天然的线性特点。两面厚厚的石墙定义出内部单层住宅的边缘轮廓，这样降低了建筑对周围风景的视觉影响。从墙壁内部可以看到高高的树冠。由两个单元组成的中心建筑嵌入墙壁内侧。短边充当着“隐形墙壁”使得建筑面向周围自然环境开放，因此这并不是严格意义上的封闭式庭院。功能性开口镶嵌在墙面上，细细的耐候钢构架框出美丽的自然景色。这种材料与核桃树及石头完美契合。另外还有一些设施可根据需要增强或减弱光线强度：木质遮光棚日后会成为藤蔓植物的攀爬之所，形成从客厅可见的阴凉绿廊。主卧内的小庭院十分有趣。设计师通过分析住宅的方位确定了平顶屋面上适合安装太阳能面板的区域，可以提供热水和电能，这样使住宅实现可持续利用。

The plain of Forlì (Italy) is composed by a series of signs clearly artificial that the landscape has long made its own, integrating them in himself, because for centuries the agricultural and hydraulic traditions consolidated them in these forms. They’re the plots of the rows of orchards, the furrows of the levees, the fences: these tracks scratched the soil, turning it into a sequence of parallel lines that lead to read a dominant direction. Enter a building in this diagram means to affirm its own orientation and precise settlement act, which aims to read the natural forms and translate them into architectural elements of recognition. The architecture fits into the linear scheme, without altering it; two thick stone clad walls bound the margin within which is will be built the one-floor house: its visual impact is reduced, letting the tops of the trees emerge on the plain. A central body is inserted between the two walls, identifying two units. Each of the short sides present a “glass wall”, like a telescope focused on the horizon and their own garden, not a real hortus conclusus because opened to the surrounding nature. Functional openings punctuate the surfaces of the two walls and become thin frames in cor-ten steel revealing views of the landscape: such material perfectly interacts with the walnut and the stone. Some devices can moderate or increase the intensity of the light, depending on the needs: a wooden sunshades allows for the growth of creepers as a future pergola, visible from the living room; a small inner courtyard defines a very attractive area in the master bedroom. An analysis of the orientation of the building allows to identify areas of flat roof suitable for hosting panels for hot water production and electricity in a way of sustainable use of the building.

这座单层住宅分为两个部分，一部分供业主一家居住，另一部分供业主母亲居住。业主单元包括一间客厅、一间厨房、两间单人卧室、一间浴室以及由一间双人间、一间浴室和一个小庭院构成的私人套间。与之相对的另一单元包含带厨房的客厅、一间浴室和一间卧室。

The house has one floor and is divided in two parts, one for the client’s family and one, smaller, for his mother. The first part presents one living room, one kitchen, two single bedrooms, one bathroom and the private rooms composed by one double room, one bathroom and one small courtyard. The second part, at the opposite side of the first one, consists of one living room with kitchen, one bathroom and one bedroom.

该地区属于大陆性气候，但由于离海较近稍有缓和。Forlì夏季湿热少雨，冬季潮湿寒冷多雾，秋季降水量最大，冬季急剧减少。秋末和冬季的农村可以看到大量降雪，而城市的降雪相对较少。所有这些气候特征将Forlì乡村打造成宜人的居所。设计师在设计时充分考虑到当地的气候条件，将住宅正面朝向南面，以便在夏日获得阴凉；设计的小庭院将阳光引进住宅最深处。此外，住宅还遵循当地盛行风的风向，以充分利用自然通风条件。

The climate of the area where is located Forlì is sub-continental, mitigated by the quite proximity of the city to the sea. Forlì is characterized by hot summers, little rain and quite muggy, while winters are cold, humid, with frequent mists. The season with more precipitations is autumn, in winter the rains diminish considerably. In the countryside, between autumn and winter, you can see snowfall in significant quantities, while the snow on the city presents a lesser extent. All these climatic features make life pleasant in the countryside of Forlì: the general notes taken in consideration while designing were to equip the front facing south for shelter from the sunshine of summer and bring light to the innermost parts of the house through the creation of a small courtyard. The same settlement of the house follows the direction of the prevailing winds, favoring the natural air circulation.

主卧浴室朝外，面向私人小庭院，间接光线照亮整个浴室空间。石铺地面采用了与其他所有房间地面及浴缸饰面相同的材料。支撑白色陶瓷盆的定制卫具是由橡木制成的。

客厅南面装有从地面延伸到天花板的大型滑动玻璃门，地板砖与住宅其他空间地面及外墙材质相同。线性嵌入屋顶板的灯具进一步强化了住宅的矩阵。

The bathroom of the master bedroom keeps the facing outwards, through the small private courtyard with indirect light that illuminates it. The coating stoneware ground it’s the same used in all the rooms of the house and covers the surfaces of the tub too, without interruption. The furniture that support the white ceramic bowls have been custom-designed and built in oak wood.

The living room has large sliding glass doors to the South, floor to ceiling, and a coating flooring tile that mimics the pose of the overall composition and the two great walls of the house. Even the light fixtures enhance the generator matrix of the project, being linear and recessed into the roof slab.