萨加波纳克住宅

Sagaponack Residence By LaGuardia Design Landscape Architects, Water Mill, NY

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‘A great house and a great story because it was moved because of flooding. It’s really beautiful and quite elegant. This is a large-scale project that is native to the site. The quality of the drawings are beautiful, they show the spirit of the place.”—2013 Professional Awards Jury

“伟大的房子有着伟大的故事，在涝害面前进行转移。美丽而优雅。从场地考虑这是一个大项目。图纸表达精美同时反映出场所气质 ”–2013年专业奖评审委员会

为了挽救他们心爱的房子免受大西洋经天累月孜孜不断的恐怖侵犯，客户愿意重新把他们的家园建在一个更加被保护的地方，这个“创纪录房屋”于1970年赢得了大奖。

当时房子被重新安置在内陆深处400英尺的地方，一直延伸到一块平坦的玉米地的中部。景观设计师面临的挑战是如何优雅地把这个同时被扩大了的结构安置在一块重新建造的风景中，这里是高低起伏、长满杂草的沙丘和草地，并重新制造出因为风化而消失了的自然环境，但是本项目的最终目标是建造一个自给自足的景观，它能够自然生长，创造出一个具有抵抗性的环境以对抗自然元素的侵犯。

In order to save their beloved house from the incessant and inevitably threatening encroachment of the Atlantic Ocean, the owners of this 1970’s award winning “Record House” were willing to relocate their home in a more protected site.

The house was then relocated some 400 feet further inland to the middle of a flat cornfield. The challenge for the Landscape Architect was to gracefully ensconce the simultaneously enlarged structure within a recreated landscape of undulating, grassy sand dunes and meadows, regenerating the natural environment lost with the erosion, but the ultimate goal of this project was to fabricate a self-sustaining landscape able to naturally grow for creating a resistant environment against the aggression of natural elements.

▼总平面图 Site plan

本项目的建筑场地是一块面积为600英尺×2000英尺的空旷农田和高低起伏的沙丘。场地的一半被出租给了当地的一个农民用来种植农作物，而南边的一半被一个单独的住所占据。本项目需要重新安置现有的住房，在过去35年多的时间里，这里已经被大西洋的自然腐蚀力量所危害。在一次紧急措施中，这个住所脱离了原有的地桩，向内陆移进了400英尺。设计建造这个新附加物的概念是建一系列露天平台，它们能在原先的结构中由高到低地揉进景观中。自然过渡要求景观建筑师把新房屋和起伏的沙丘与草地的自然沿海景观融为一体。为了重新创造自然资产，景观需要再生，部分需要重建，因为新址处在一块平坦的玉米地的中间。

▼1969—1995年的时间轴 Timeline in section 1969-1995

这一工程需要非常大量的填料，早期的评级研究显示需要大概30000立方码的进口填料。作为一个可选择的策略，一个能增加潜在资产的策略，景观建筑师建议从现场挖掘填料，同时在这个过程中建造一个池塘。为了从视觉上把这个60000平方英尺的池塘减到最小，他们设计了一个盘旋状的池塘，这使得无论从那个角度看，只有池塘的一小部分能被看见。这一“隐藏的海岸线”装置帮助创造了一种幻觉，使得池塘的真正大小不为人所知。这一策略曾被用在非常著名的案例中，例如日本京都的桂离宫，英国布莱尼姆宫布朗设计的湖。

▼ 1995年的近距离正面图 Close up elevation 1995

在建造这个池塘时，白土和乙烯基地质纤维被用来作为防水层，上面又覆盖了一层12英寸的净沙来保护衬垫，为水生植物的生长提供了一个媒介。这个池塘的深度从6英寸到11英尺不等，提供了足够的深度和可用的表面区域来允许自然循环过程的发生，这个过程可以保持一个干净而健康的池塘。

▼ 池塘的挖掘，呈现出了不规则的形状和需要重建沙丘所需要的填料的容量

Excavation of the pond showing the irregular shape and volume of fill needed to recreate the dunes.

池塘里面和池塘周围布满了浮游植物和水下植物，以便发展一个健康、自然的生态系统。里面还养了一些当地的鱼类来增加池塘整个的生物多样性。周边种植的茂密的当地山地植被为当地的动物提供了栖息地，也遮掩了附近的房屋，使之从哪个角度都看不太清楚。一条简单的、修剪过的草地上的小路蜿蜒在池塘周围，时不时地会碰到海岸线，从而可以通往不同的观景区。这样的淡水池塘是长岛海岸沿线一个自然而又普通的特征，所以这一水域特色是一个非常合适的、来获得本项目必备的填料的解决方案。

▼ 六月份的牛毛草草地，微妙的轮廓掩盖了车道。

Fescue meadow in June, subtle contours disguise driveway.

挖掘池塘得来的填土被仔细地储存成三种主要的土壤类型，然后被分配到不同的地方。沙丘系统的重建是首要的。需要建一个17英尺高的土梯，让一层的平台与原先的房屋处在同一个高度。剩下的沙丘填料被弄进了长长的水沟中，自东向西交错成一条线，与自然的沙丘和海浪类似。

▼晚秋时节的草地，地面上的须芒草和牛毛草。

Late fall view of meadow showing bluestem grass and fescue.

最后形成的缓坡上面覆盖了一层进口的海滩沙，这要比从矿中开采出来的沙子看上去更加自然。疏浚机里面的有机物质还促进了美国的海滩草的生长，从而消除了对人工肥料的需求，而人工肥料在贫瘠的矿沙中常常是必须的。用碾碎的美国本土的小鹅卵石建造了穿越沙丘的通道，形成了通往海滩和原先的游泳池的坚固的道路。剩余的土壤被用在了房子的北面，使得高低不平的沙丘柔和地向起伏的草地过渡。在施工现场到处都能看到微妙的改变，要么是为了创造空间，要么是为了从各种角度来消除道路和车道。这样一个超大的场地的奢华使得景观建筑师能够在缓坡上进行大幅度的动作。在地形上混合了一种简单的牛毛草铺成的草地，这进一步揭示了高低起伏的地形的雕塑品质。

▼重新安置的房子坐落在新的沙丘景观中，高出原先的形状16英尺。

Relocated house set in new dune landscape sixteen feet above existing shape.

不管从哪个角度看，这个景观都非常自然，拥有丰富的本土植物群和动物群。但是，在入口处的花园却是个例外，这里草地给一个长方形的割过的绿色草坪让路，它正好与房子和自然景观不相称。当你进入房子时，这一呈鲜明对比的空间突出了精致的效果。景观中建筑艺术细节处理相当简练。

▼沙丘中的露天平台，钢制水平种植槽。

Deck dune interface showing steel retaining walls and level changes.

▼刀刃般的挡土墙，由低到高逐渐过渡。

Knife-edge concrete retaining wall transition grading from lower to upper level.

起伏的草地和当地的美洲埘移树。

Rolling meadow with native shadblow trees.

▼在入口处的花园，一处草坪被剪过的粗糙的高高的牛毛草草地围着。

At the entry garden a bent grass lawn panel is enclosed by mowed rough and higher fescue meadow.

▼人工湖，“掩藏的岸线”边种着当地茂密的植物，池塘内长着繁茂的水生植物

Man made pond showing “hidden shoreline” native plant thickets and emergent pond vegetation.

▼晚秋时节的草地，须芒草和牛毛草。

Late fall view of meadow showing bluestem grass and fescue.

▼本地的莎草和麦冬形成的植物群落在入口的花园呈线性。本地的美洲埘移树强化了整个空间并缓和了建筑的规模

Complementary textures of native sedge and liriope line the entry garden. A specimen native shadblow accents the space and softens the building’s scale.

▼冬日里结冰的池塘景观和冬日雪景

Winter View of Frozen Pond with winter landscape in snow

The project site is a 600′ x 2,000′ area of open farmland and rolling sand dunes. Half of the site is leased to a local farmer for cultivation purposes, while the southern half is occupied by a single family residence. The project involved relocating the existing house from its original location, which over the course of 35 years, had become compromised by the natural erosive forces of the Atlantic Ocean. In an emergency measure, the dwelling was cut loose from the existing pilings and moved 400′ further inland. The concept for the design of the new additions was a series of outcropping decks, which would step down from the original structure and feather into the landscape. The natural transition required the Landscape Architect to integrate the new house within a naturalistic coastal landscape of undulating sand dunes and meadows.

In order to recreate the natural asset, the landscape needed to be regenerated and in part fabricated, as the new location was in the midst of a flat cornfield.

The proposed work required a tremendous amount of filling and early grading studies revealed a need for approximately 30,000 cubic yards of imported fill. As an alternative strategy and one which provided potential property enhancement, the Landscape Architect suggested mining the fill from on site, while building a pond in the process. In an effort to visually minimize the 60,000 square foot pond a convoluted pond shape was designed which allowed only portions of the pond to be viewed from any given perspective. This “hidden shoreline” device helps to create an illusion, leaving the pond’s true size unknown. The strategy has been utilized in such notable instances as the Katsura detached palace in Kyoto, Japan and by Capability Brown’s lake at Blenheim Palace, England.

In constructing the pond, a bentonite and vinyl geo-textile fabric was provided as the waterproofing layer, with 12 inches of clean sand overlaid to protect the liner and provide a media for aquatic plant growth. The pond’s depth varies from 6 inches to 11 feet, providing enough depth and available surface area to allow for a natural inversion process that maintains a clean and healthy pond.

Emergent and submergent plants were placed in and around the pond to develop a healthy, naturalized ecosystem, and native fish species were additionally stocked to increase the pond’s overall biodiversity. Surrounding thickets of native upland vegetation were planted to provide habitation for local fauna and to screen adjacent houses from various vantage points. A simple, mowed grass path meanders around the pond and occasionally touches the shoreline for access to different viewing areas. Such freshwater ponds are a natural and common feature along the coastline of Long Island, so the water feature was a contextually suitable solution to acquire the requisite fill for the project.

The earth fill from the pond excavation was carefully stockpiled into three major soil types and then distributed to various places on the property.

The re-building of the dune system was of first importance. A soil lift of 17 feet was required to allow the first floor terraces to rest at the same elevation as the original house. The remainder of the dune filling was contoured into long rolling berms, staggering in East-to-West lines, similar to the natural dunes and ocean waves.

The resultant grading was capped with a layer of imported, dredged beach sand, which has a more natural look than the mined sand. Organic matter in the dredge also promotes the growth of American beachgrass, eliminating the need for artificial fertilizers, often needed in sterile mined sand. Pathways through the dunes were constructed of finely crushed, indigenous pea gravel to form firm pathways down to the beach and the original swimming pool. The remaining soils were used on the north side of the house to provide a gentle transition from the hilly dunes to the rolling meadows. Subtle changes in grade occur everywhere on the site to either create spaces or conceal pathways and driveways from various vantage points. The luxury of such an oversized site allowed the Landscape Architect to create large scale sweeping gestures in the grading.

Although very subtle, these gestures are what gracefully marry the architecture and land back together. The use of a simple fescue meadow grass mix over the landforms further reveals the sculptural quality of the rolling earth.

The landscape appears very natural in all the propriety, hosting a rich ecosystems of indigenous flora and fauna however, exception is taken at the entry garden, where the meadow gives way to a rectangular mowed green, set squarely against the house and natural landscape. This contrasting space serves to highlight the effect of refinement as one