昆嵛山森林公园景观化公共厕所——融入自然的“休息驿站”

昆嵛山国家森林公园正在进行一系列的设施升级，保护区管委会邀请Lab D+H设计一座示范性公共厕所，作为设施升级的启动项目。设计伊始，业主并没想好厕所的具体位置，我们也并没有立即着手设计，而是展开了基于场地的研究。昆嵛山森林公园是一座方圆百里、峰峦绵延的野生动植物基因库，自然保护区内山高坡陡、沟壑纵横，新设施的建设必需遵循最低干预开发(LID)的原则，同时，设施的设计亦应顺应复杂的地势而轻巧地藏置于自然保护区之中。

China’s Kunyu Mountain National Park is promoting a series of facility upgrades within its 50 km

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national natural preserve, and the management committee invited Lab D+H to design a pilot public toilet which would serve as the new model of public facility in the KM National Park. At the very beginning, client had not decided where the toilet would be located. Therefore, instead of proposing a restroom design, we put forward a modular system which can be adapted based on different topographic conditions.

▼高山植物园一隅的土台地作为厕所基址，the site is a terrace within the current alpine botanical garden at the edge of the forest

了解到今后厕所将建设在地形复杂的山地上，我们构建了一个单体模块系统，它能够灵活地根据不同地形自由组合，以便适应性地推广至整个自然保护区。这一想法得到了支持。基于这一体系，业主与我们一同“相地”，选择了现有高山植物园的一处高差变化较大的土台地作为厕所基址。

This site-specific strategy was greatly appreciated by the client and together, we chose a site: a terrace within the current alpine botanical garden at the edge of the forest.

▼体块生成示意图，massing diagram

在英语系国家中，厕所被称作“restroom”，即“休息处”，虽然起源于委婉的表达，但也寄语如厕是件惬意的事情。因此，我们希望把“休息处”设计成一个景观化的“休息驿站”。通过单体模块的组合，一个顺应地形变化的庭院生成了。袖珍的中庭被一条时上时下的围廊环绕，为普通的如厕体验赋予了诗意的感受。在视野最佳处设置的景观平台，为等候的家庭成员提供休息与观景场所。

In English-speaking society, a toilet is often referred to as a “restroom”, insinuating that it is a place for rest. Therefore, instead of designing the toilet building, we decided to create a graceful and restful place in dialogue with nature, specifically within this environmental sensitive place.Through adaptation and organization of the modules, a courtyard was created based on existing terrace contour. The courtyard garden was wrapped by a canopied corridor running both up and down. The setting of the viewing deck provided a waiting place and the best viewing spot towards the mountain.

▼厕所外观，exterior view

▼厕所被设计成一个景观化的“休息驿站”，the toilet was designed as a restful place in dialogue with nature

▼大雪中的厕所，a

snow-covered toilet

起伏的庭院分为两部分：休憩空间与功能空间，通过一条环状连廊串联而成。休憩空间由几组连续的模块单体转换过度而成，形成亭子与露台，作等候与赏景之用。功能空间将厕所功能分为男厕、女厕、家庭用厕三类，环绕于庭院。中庭边缘设有两处洗水处，每处有两块折叠的耐侯钢板，一高一低分别给成人与儿童使用，用过的水从钢板缝隙中流入砾石过滤池，水过多时从无边界钢板顶部溢流而出并回渗地下。

The canopied corridor threaded the courtyard’s two parts: the rest area and restroom area. The rest area was formed by continuous transition of modular pavilions, for waiting and view-seeing. The restroom area was divided into men’s room, lady’s room and family’s room. There were two hand-washing points at the edge of courtyard where water was charged directly to the ground after being filtered from the gravel basin. After assembling the module, the diagonally pitched roof units formed a geometric silhouette, generating a dialogue with the rolling mountain ridge. The restroom skin was juxtaposed with twig and sanded glass, protecting privacy while creating interesting light & shadow effect.

▼入口处的缓冲空间，buffer space at the entrance

▼单体模块间格栅的使用，grilles used in modular pavilions

▼休憩空间与功能空间，the rest area and restroom area

▼连续的景观亭形成休憩空间，the rest area was formed by continuous transition of modular pavilions

▼不同朝向的等候坐凳，benches facing different directions

▼简洁的耐候钢洗手池与竹龙头，corten sink and bamboo water tap

沿对角线起坡的单体，经过适应性地组合后，呈现出具有几何美感的屋脊线，形成了与昆嵛山嶙峋的山脊线的对话。厕所的表皮采用小枝与磨砂玻璃并置，在保证隐私的同时又能产生优雅的光影效果。为考虑方便性，厕所内设计有放置小件物品的木台和兼具桌子功能的矮凳。从材料到构造方法上，我们都希望驿站的搭建为环境带来最小的干预，并能将单体模块的组合办法推广应用至整个保护区。

From site selection, design strategy and materiality all the way to construction method, an innovative low impact design approach was adopted. This modular system was proved to be easily applied to the facility upgrade endeavors throughout the national park. We are currently working on two more restrooms with client in two other locations based on this modular approach with different topographic conditions.

▼屋脊线与山脊线重合，the roof

lines are integrated with the mountain ridge

▼不同朝向的屋顶坡面，the roofs slope in different directions

▼屋脊细部，roof detail

▼粗糙的小枝与细腻的格栅，rough timber bars form a graceful grille

▼厕所内部，interior

▼磨砂玻璃与小枝同时使用的光影效果，frosted glass and timber bars were integrated to form a unique lighting effect

▼室内配置示意图，function diagram

▼单体模块结构示意图，structural diagram of a single unit

▼平面图，plan

项目位置: 烟台，中国

业主: 昆嵛山国家级自然保护区管理委员会

主创设计师: 钟惠城

设计团队: 钟惠城、崔荣埈、梁宗杰、黄金、蓝皓、宋妃敏

场地面积: 250 m2

摄影: 唐曦、于丛刚

Project Location: Yantai, China

Client: Kunyu Mountain National Park Management Committee

Architects: Lab D+H

Principal in charge: Huicheng Zhong

Design Team: Huicheng Zhong, YoungJoon Choi, Zongjie Liang, Jin Huang, Hao Lan, Feimin Song

Site Area: 250 m2

Photographs: Xi Tang, Conggang Yu