乌德勒支中央车站

荷兰最大最繁忙的火车站现已正式对外开放。乌德勒支中央车站曾每年接待三千五百万旅客，现每年客流量增长至8千8百万。这个数字还在持续增长中，预计在2030年会到达一亿客流量。Benthem Crouwel建筑事务所从2003年起接手火车站的改造发展项目。13年后，这个新的集火车，汽车，有轨电车为一体的公共交通车站已投入运营。

The largest and busiest train station in the Netherlands is officially open. Utrecht Central Station was once built for approximately 35 million passengers per year. Currently 88 million people use the station annually. This number is constantly increasing and is expected to reach one hundred million passengers in 2030. Benthem Crouwel Architects has been involved in the development of the train station since 2003. Thirteen years later, the new public transport terminal that will house train, bus and tram platforms under one undulating roof, has opened.

▼建筑鸟瞰，Bird’s Eye View

▼中央车站的日与夜，Day and Night External View

一体化的车站综合体|One Integral Station Complex

预计在未来的20年中，乌德勒支中央车站的年客流量将会增长到一亿，而原车站已不能接待日益增长的客流量和需求。乌德勒支中央车站改造后大小是原来的三倍，集火车，汽车和有轨电车交通系统于一体，是一体化的车站综合体，也是一个完全自治的建筑。建筑两侧入口周围是两个新的城市广场，一边是Jaarbeurs 会议中心广场，另一边是城市广场。

Over the next two decades, the number of travellers to Utrecht Central Station year will grow to about a hundred million per year. Since the previous building could not handle the increasing amounts of passengers, Utrecht Central Station has been rebuilt – three times its original size – to one new integrated station complex, which regulates the transport of train, tram and bus. The station has become an autonomous building with two new city squares on both entrances, the side of the Jaarbeurs (convention center) and the city side.

▼ 建筑两侧入口周围是两个新的城市广场，The station has become an autonomous building with two new city squares on both entrances

波浪起伏的屋顶 | Undulation

在设计阶段，Jan Benthem 和Mels Crouwel想把原乌德勒支车站的平屋顶改造成一个放射动感、模拟自然的波浪起伏的屋顶。波纹横跨铁轨，纵向沿着大厅指向出入口。波浪一共有三道“起伏”： 最高的位于火车站正上方，另外两个相对低矮的位于两侧有轨电车和车站的正上方。波浪屋顶同时也显示出了车站合理的功能分布方式。为了让车站能有更多的自然光照射，屋顶开有玻璃天窗并可作为烟雾口使用。屋顶连续的LED灯光加强了波浪起伏的效果。波纹状的钢材屋顶覆盖着18米高的车站，使其从周边街区的楼宇和办公室中脱引而出。

During the design phase Jan Benthem and Mels Crouwel had the idea to design the original flat roof of Utrecht Central Station as a wave that radiates a dynamic movement and also functions as a natural way finder. Transverse to the tracks, in the longitudinal direction of the hall, the wave refers to the entrances and exits. The wave has three ‘undulations’: the highest above the train station, the lower ones on each side contain the tram and bus stations. The waves also represent the logical distribution of functions in the station. To receive more natural daylight in the terminal, glass skylights were designed, which also function as smoke hatches. The undulating movement is emphasized by the continuous LED lights on the ceiling. Thanks to the significant wavy shape of the steel roof – and a relative low-rise building (18 meters high) – the station is clearly recognizable among the neighbouring buildings and offices.

▼ 波纹横跨铁轨，纵向沿着大厅指向出入口，Transverse to the tracks, in the longitudinal direction of the hall, the wave refers to the entrances and exits

▼ 屋顶开有玻璃天窗同时作为烟雾口，glass skylights were designed, which also function as smoke hatches.

▼波浪一共有三道“起伏”，The wave has three ‘undulations’

▼ 屋顶连续的LED灯光加强了波浪起伏的效果，The undulating movement is emphasized by the continuous LED lights on the ceiling

生动的车站 | Lively Station

在车站的一侧，一条公共车站长廊跨越过铁轨，路过的行人可以从西边穿到东边而不需要刷公交卡。餐厅，商店和潜在的市场让这条长廊充满了城市街道的氛围。大面的235米x 85米的玻璃墙像窗帘悬挂于屋顶下，在车站内部可以观赏到各种美妙的火车，铁轨和城市景观。室内空间备俱矜持温和的魅力：行人，车辆，标志和其他因素给车站带了丰富的色彩和热闹的氛围，使车站生机勃勃。

Located on one side of the station, there is a station promenade, a public street, which crosses the railroad tracks. Now a passer-by is able to move from west to east without having to use a ‘chip card’. Restaurants, shops, and a possible market gives this promenade the atmosphere of a real city street. Through large glass walls, serving as curtains hanging from the roof of 235 by 85 meters, the stations offers all kinds of stunning lookouts, to trains, tracks and expansive views of the city. The interior has a reserved allure and modest charm: it is the people, signage, vehicles and other typical additions that make the station alive and vibrant, and give colour and ambiance.

▼ 丰富的色彩和热闹的氛围，colour and ambiance

▼公共车站长廊跨越过铁轨，a station promenade, a public street, which crosses the railroad tracks

▼餐厅，商店和潜在的市场让这条长廊充满了城市街道的氛围，Restaurants, shops, and a possible market gives this promenade the atmosphere of a real city street

新世纪的教堂 | Cathedrals of A New Era

在很短的时间内，荷兰铁路旅行系统和火车站以及周边环境经历了全面深入的翻新。乌德勒支，海牙，鹿特丹，阿纳姆，布雷达和阿姆斯特丹南这六个中央车站被称为自1997年以来的新重点项目，车站和与其相连的周边城市街区都经历了一翻改造，其整合加强了车站和车站周边环境的活力和识别力。这些新车站也被称为“新世界的教堂”：车站为旅客和城市居民提供了多样舒适的，各种功能的空间。在过去几年中，新车站相继开放，在五个主要城市彰显其城市建筑的地位。乌德勒支中央车站是城市肌理的一部分，它有更合理的人行步道并且更好的连接了不同的城市街区。乌德勒支中央车站是重点项目改造工程中倒数第二个完成的项目，还有阿姆斯特丹南站亟待改造。Benthem Crouwel建筑事务所承担了六个改造项目中三个项目的改造任务：分别是鹿特丹中央车站，海牙中央车站和乌德勒支中央车站。

In a very short time, Dutch rail travel and train station surroundings have had an intensive makeover. Six central stations – Utrecht, The Hague, Rotterdam, Arnhem, Breda and Amsterdam South – are called the New Key Projects since 1997: projects where not only the train station is transformed, but also the connecting surroundings around the station. This integrated approach to station and station environment reinforces the identity and vitality of the city. These new train stations are also referred to as ‘cathedrals of a new era’: public transport terminals that provide travellers and city dwellers with various comforts and functionalities in the area. The past few years, one after the other station has opened, manifesting themselves as ‘city buildings’ in five major city centers. The station is part of the urban fabric, with logical walkways and a better connection between different city districts. Utrecht Central Station is the penultimate station that is completed of the New Key Projects; after this Amsterdam South remains. Benthem Crouwel Architects is the architect of three out of the six New Key Projects: Rotterdam Central Station, The Hague Central Station and now… Utrecht Central Station.

▼鸟瞰，Bird’s Eye Rendering

▼轴测图，Axonometric

▼剖透图，Perspective Section

FACTS

ARCHITECT：Benthem Crouwel Architects

PROJECT TEAM：Jan Benthem, Mels Crouwel, Anja Blechen, Amir Farokhian, Paul van Ginkel, Marcel de Goede, Bregje de Groot, Angelique Haver, Roderik van der Meulen, Rogier Putter, Pieter Rijpstra, Pieter van Rooij, Henk van Rossum, Job Schroën, Florentijn Vleugels, Joep Windhausen

CLIENT：Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (Ministerie IenM), ProRail, Bestuur Regio Utrecht, NS (Nederlandse Spoorwegen/Dutch Railways), Municipality of Utrecht

LOCATION：Stationshal 12, 3511 CE Utrecht, the Netherlands

FUNCTION：Train, bus, tram stations, commercial spaces，8 train tracks (1500 trains per day), 2 bus platforms (3000 busses per day), 1 tram platform (from 2018)

START DESIGN：2003

START CONSTRUCTION：2010

OPENING：2016

PROJECT MANAGEMENT：Movares consultants & engineers

CONTRACTOR：Besix Nederland Branch

PHOTOGRAPHER：Jannes Linders，Your Captain Luchtfotografie (Luchtfoto)

FLOOR AREA：25.000m2 (8.000m2 before new construction)

PASSENGERS 2016：200.000 per day

PASSENGER 2030：360.000 per day

LIGHTING：2 km led lighting in terminal

SOLAR PANELS：85.000kWh energy per year by solar panels on roof