临时难民营的伞状庇护空间

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在位于维也纳的一栋闲置办公楼里，Caramel设计了一个可以容纳280名难民的临时难民营，该项目同时也作为2016年威尼斯建筑双年展奥地利馆的一部分成果展示。这次改造最主要的目的是通过创造一个让人可以不受外界打扰而休息的场所来保证隐私。Caramel不再视时间为一种限制，而是作为构思过程的一部分。从最小的设计出发，Caramel先确定了用于分隔空间的元件，然后在原有开放式平面的办公室的基础上建立一定程度的隐私。这种简单的语言形式同样也延伸到了对于公共空间的设计。Caremel遵循着所有元件都可以便捷地拆卸并重组的基本标准，将成本控制在人均50欧元，平均建造时间仅为5分钟。难民营主要由包括遮阳伞，水电管，窗帘布料，夹灯和插座等低廉的现成材料构筑而成，Caramel与难民一起将这个结构发展为可以在任何无主之地适用的原型。社区里的孩子，家庭和年轻人立即融入了这个新的住所，并在同一时间自发组织地来创造更多的同类空间。难民们也迅速胜任并开始使用提供的缝纫机和布料来缝制更多的窗帘，建立起伞状结构。原先的开放式办公室在可折叠的胶管等元件的作用下，已经转变为一个清净而隐秘的宜居环境。

▼ 伞状结构下的居住空间，private spaces under an umbrella

▼ 居住者可根据个人需求改进布帘，the resident can modified the space according to personal needs

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Caramel designed a temporary Refugee Camp in a vacant office building in Vienna where 280 refugees live. Safeguarding privacy, as in marking a place where someone can rest undisturbed by external influences was the first and most important subject of the “intervention”. Rather than posing a limitation, the time limit became a constructive part of Caramel’s thought process. Starting with a minimal design repertoire, Caramel first developed elements for dividing up the space and then creating some privacy in the former open-plan offices. This simple formal language was extended to the design of the communal areas. A central criterion of Caramel design is that all elements can be rapidly dismounted and easily reassembled in a different location. Caramel managed it for only 50€ per person and it took only 5 min for each accommodation to build up. Made from low-priced ready-made products like sun umbrellas, construction site fence pedestal, electro and wastewater pipes, curtain fabrics, cable fixer, clamp lights and extended electric sockets, Caramel developed together with the refugees spatial structures as prototypes usable also in all kinds of abandoned properties. Children, families and young men living communities took immediately possession of the new accommodation and organized themselves at the same time to create more units. Right away competent refugees began to stitch more curtains with the provided sewing machines and panel of fabrics and also to build up the umbrella structures. The formerly open space offices with folding cots, side by side, turned  into a liveable structures with the possibility of retreat and privacy.

▼ 厨房、天台也用雨伞构筑出不同的空间，kitchen, terrace built with the umbrellas

▼ 居住者的自发参与建造， refugees began to help with the building process

▼ 对外展览，exhibition

▼ 构筑材料，construction materials

▼ 构筑原理，construction method

▼ 平面图，plan

Photo credit: Paul Kranzler and Matthias Creme

Drawings: Caramel Architekten

English Text: Caramel Architekten

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