科格尔霍夫别墅

Villa Kogelhof 位于荷兰北贝弗兰岛的农田区域，是一座私人住宅。设计实现了能源的收支平衡，使建筑建立在一个完全自给自足的系统上，并通过多项技术的运用，在节约能源的同时为客户创造了一个稳定而舒适的生活环境。从空间结构上看，建筑由两个长方形体块叠加而成，一个埋入地底，另一个由V型的钢架支撑，悬浮空中。最终落成的建筑正如客户所期望的那样，简洁、干练，美的让人惊叹。

Villa Kogelhof is designed based on complete autarky. Therefore the house is energy neutral. By using several techniques, the villa has a comfortable climate during all seasons, whilst being extremely energy efficient. It was an important wish from our client to create a simple, abstract, yet spectacular villa. The result is a composition; consisting of two square stacked volumes: one underground and one floating above ground. It is designed as an uncompromising glass box, supported by a steel V-frame.

荷兰政府正在打造一个连接全国各生态区域的生态走廊，这片占地25公顷的场地恰恰位于其中。场地及其周边地区作为动植物生态保护区，每年都有大量的游客涌入。业主于2006年买下了这片农业用地，并在政府的要求下退耕还林，以换取建造住宅的资格证。十年间，场地上已种植了约71000棵有六年以上树龄的树木，未来这座住宅将在树林的环绕中若隐若现。此外，场地中还挖出了70000土方，形成了一个大池塘。

The 25 hectare estate is part of a larger programme initiated by the government, which aims to connect regional ecological zones throughout the country. The current owner bought the site, once farmland, in 2006. It is a protected habitat for animals and plants and a major tourist draw in the area, open to the public. Permission to build a house on the land was given only on condition that it was returned to its pre-agricultural state. The planting of some 71,000 six-year-old trees hint at the future of the estate as ‘a villa in the woods’ and were planted already in 2006. A rectangular pond was digged, requiring the removal of 70,000 cubic metres of soil.

▽ 建筑与环境，villa and its surrounding area

▽ 从树林中看建筑，view from the woods

▽ 从池塘边看建筑，view from the pond

▽ 从入口车道看建筑，view from the driveway

▽ 建筑夜景，villa in the evening

建筑的地下部分由入口、可容纳六辆汽车和一辆拖拉机的停车场、储物室、浴室和面向池塘的工作区组成。上层悬浮的玻璃盒子则采用了开放式的布局，仅用少量玻璃隔断划分起居室、厨房、卧室、浴室和多功能区。起居室和浴室通过露台相连，打开玻璃门便可任意穿行。地板以白色的环氧基树脂材料铺设而成，家具则选用了柯布西耶和艾琳.格瑞的经典系列。站在二层眺望，四周壮观的景色尽收眼底。

The underground volume of the house consists the entrance, parking (for 6 cars and a tractor), storage, bathroom and a workspace which looks out over the pond. The living area is situated in the floating glass box above ground. It’s floor plan is completely open, except for some subtle glass room dividers. There are several separate volumes for the kitchen, bedrooms, bathroom and a multifunctional room. The patio has glass doors on both sides, so that it’s both accessible through the living room and the bathroom. The entire floor is covered with white epoxy and the furniture consists of designer classics from Le Corbusier and Eileen Gray. The façade is completely made out of glass and offers a spectacular view over the surrounding landscape.

▽ 从工作区向外看，view from working space

▽ 起居室，living room

▽ 起居室，露台和浴室，living room patio and the bathroom

建筑师希望这孤立在旷野中的建筑传达出来的是无拘无束的自由，而非坐拥天下的奢华。建筑力求达到自给自足，利用自然能源提供电力和热水，并对垃圾进行回收和再利用。可调节气候的立面由外层通高的透明隔热玻璃和内层可升降的反光幕布组成。幕布下降闭拢后，其内外逐渐形成温度差，拉动了室内的空气流动。建筑在冬季由一个集成的中央供暖系统提供热量。在不久的未来，室外的树林便会成型，届时将有源源不断的木材用以燃烧，加热锅炉里的用水。建筑的用电则由屋顶的光电电池集中供给。

One of the main principles of Villa Kogelhof was to translate luxury into the happiness of independence. The goal for the villa was to be self-sufficient; to generate its own energy, to heat its own water and to recycle the garbage. To make sure Villa Kogelhof is energy neutral, the façade offers an important contribution. This so called climate-façade is composed of an outer layer of clear insulated glass from floor to ceiling and an inner layer of sun-reflecting fabric that can be rolled up and unrolled. When the fabric is lowered, an air cavity is formed in which the air from the villa is extracted of a central ventilation system. The house is heated by a central heating system in combination with an air pump. Warm water will in the near future be generated by using a range stove, in which wood will be fired from the trees out of the private forest of the estate. Electricity is generated from the PV-cells on the roof.

▽ 从建筑内向外看，view from the interior

▽ 交通空间，staircase

Client: Private

Programme: Extremely energy-efficient, luxury villa

Location: Noord-Beveland, the Netherlands

Design: Paul de Ruiter Architects

Start design: October 2006

Start building period: May 2009

Completion: January 2013

January 2013: 715 m2

Volume: 2400 m3

Contractor: Bouwbedrijf Van de Linde, Goes

Advisor construction: Broersma bv

Advisor building physics: Smits van Burgst, Barendrecht

Advisor costs: Studio Bouwhaven, Barendrecht

Installations: InTec, Kapelle

Glass-engineering: Si-X, Benthuizen

Glass producer: Thiele Glas, Germany

Base glass: Saint Gobain

Landscape architect: Bosch Slabbers, Middelburg

English Text: Paul de Ruiter architects

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