山巅之上的温暖营地 | 斯诺文尼亚极端气候下的创新设计

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OFIS architects

在过去，我们还分享了他们的：

高山谷仓公寓 Alpine Barn Apartment

斯诺文尼亚太空科技文化中心 Cultural Center of EU Space Technologies

别墅扩建 Vlla T-extension

低造价的美观的别墅群 Backbone Village Houses

鲍里索夫市足球场 Football Stadium Borisov

OFIS和AKTII的建筑师同哈佛大学设计研究生院的学生合作完成了这个项目。

Rok Oman和来自OFIS的Spela Videcnik共同领导哈佛大学设计研究生院一建筑studio完成了这个位于山巅的项目。项目始于2014年秋天，13名学生需要在极端气候条件下设计出一个新型但实用的居住空间。受丰富多样的斯洛文尼亚乡土建筑遗产激发，学生们提出了12个提议来应对其多变的环境、选择其所需材料，并制定出了相对应的方案。

OFIS architects and AKT II in collaboration with students at Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Freeaproved and PD Ljubljana Matica

The project developed from an architectural design studio at the Harvard Graduate School of Design led by Rok Oman and Spela Videcnik from OFIS. In fall 2014, studios of thirteen students were facing the challenges of designing an innovative yet practical shelter to meet the needs of the extreme alpine climate. Inspired by the vernacular architecture of Slovenia with its rich and diverse architectural heritage, the students produced twelve proposals meeting various site conditions, material considerations, and programmatic concerns were produced and cataloged.

山区的极端气候条件为建筑师，工程师和设计师的设计提出了挑战。

鉴于极端环境力量的影响，建筑物能承受极端天气，温差变化，和牢固的建在崎岖地形是非常重要的。对环境的适应不仅是一种保护措施，也直接关系到生命安全问题。风、雪、山体滑坡、地形、天气等恶劣条件下，需要特定的建筑形式和概念设计来应对它们。

The extreme climatic conditions in the mountains introduce a design challenge for architects, engineers and designers.

Within a context of extreme risk to environ¬mental forces, it is important to design buildings that can withstand extreme weather, radical temperature shifts, and rugged terrain. Responding to envi¬ronmental conditions is not only a protective measure, but also translates into a matter of immediate life safety. The harsh conditions of wind, snow, landslides, terrain, and weather require  a response of specific architectural forms and conceptual designs.

从1985年8月将Aljaz塔安装在特里格拉夫峰后，已经过去120多年。这个新项目建在阿尔卑斯山区斯古塔山下，取代了先前在这里一个50多年的露营地。

营地体现了人类的基本需求，一个庇护所。它是一个避难所的象征。外部形态的设计以及选择的材料要足以应对山区条件并要有开阔的视野。

120 years after the installation of Aljaz Tower in August of 1985 on Triglav*, this new shelter was placed below Mountain Skuta in Kamnik Alps. It is replacing a 50 year old bivouac that had previously been on the site.

The bivouac is an object that represents a basic human necessity, a shelter. It is a symbol of refuge. The outer form and choice  of materials were chosen to respond the extreme mountain conditions, and also provide views to the greater landscape.

荒野中的选址需尊重自然资源，因此建筑师采取了刚柔并济的态度，既保护自然又确保对地面产生最小冲击力，牢固的稳定在地面上。此外，外壳必须使用高度的耐磨材料且与里德尔薄玻璃纤维öKO混凝土表层构件相搭配，以满足所有美学的要求，材料质量要求和能够承受特别严格的天气条件的挑战。

室内设计的要求端庄得体，能够容纳多达八名登山者并为他们提供庇护。

Its position within the wilderness requires respect for natural resources, therefore must meet the ground in a light and firm manner  to ensure the shelter is strongly anchored while having a minimal impact on the ground. In addition, the outer shell needed to be realised with a highly resistant material and in collaboration with Rieder  thin glass fibre öko skin concrete elements  were able to meet all the requirements of aesthetics, material quality and the challenge of being able to withstand especially rigorous weather conditions.

The design of the interior dictates modesty, totally subordinate to the function of the shelter providing accommodation for up to eight mountaineers.

综合考虑传统高山建筑、建筑元素、材料、结构和形式后，选择了Frederick Kim, Katie MacDonald  和Erin Pellegrino 三名学生的设计方案。该学期结束后，OFIS的建筑师和AKTII的结构工程师在听取登山者Anze Cokl、Milan Sorc 和其他工程师的意见后，继续对所选地址进行开发，调整，领导该项目整个规划阶段。

本设计由三个模块组成，方便运输和组织空间。首先是入口、储藏处及准备食物的小空间。二是提供睡觉和社交的空间，第三个特点是双层睡眠区。两端窗口可看到山谷和斯古塔山的全景图。

Informed by traditional alpine architecture, building elements, materials, structure and form, the design scheme by students  Frederick Kim, Katie MacDonald and Erin Pellegrino was selected. After conclusion of the academic semester, OFIS architects and structural engineers  AKT ll continued to and develop and adapt the form to the given site, responding to further input from  the mountaineers, Anze Cokl, Milan Sorc and other engineers and  lead the project  throughout the realization planning phase.

The design consists of three modules, in part to allow for transport and also to programmatically divide the space. The first is dedicated to the entrance, storage and a small space for the preparation of food. The second one provides space for both, sleeping and socializing while the third features a bunk sleeping area. Windows at both ends offer beautiful panoramic views of the valley and Skuta Mountain.

由于其安装过程的特性，庇护所被设计成为一系列模块，那样就可以一部分一部分的把他们带到山上。整个原型是在车间建造的。模块规划为一系列的结实框架，那样可以去选址的地方组合起来，其安装简便并且不易受地基干扰。为尽可能的不影响山区环境，模块放置处用销钉连接。在计算出承受的预计强风和雪荷载后，玻璃设计成一个三重窗格的系统。该营地的安装是在Matevz Jerman指导下由 PD Ljubljana Matica执行的，斯洛文尼亚武装部队和卢布尔雅那服务站的一支山地救援队承担直升机运输任务。整个运输和安装过程一天完成。

Due to the nature of the installation process, the shelter was designed as a series of modules so that it could be brought to the mountain in parts. The entire prototype was constructed off-site in the workshop. The modules were planned as a series of robust frames, which would then be braced together onsite providing a manageable installation and a less invasive foundation. In order to keep the mountain site as undisturbed as possible, the modules are fastened onto strategically placed pin connections, which also act as the foundation on the site. The glass is a triple pane system that has been calculated to withstand to the projected strong wind and snow loads. Installation of the bivouac was carried out by PD Ljubljana Matica under the direction of Matevz Jerman, helicopter transport while the Slovenian Armed Forces and a team of Mountain Rescue Service – station Ljubljana. The whole transportation and installation process was carried out in one day.

虽然这个营地很小，但是该项目要求付出很多努力，需60多名参与者的规划，他们绝大多数都是志愿者和赞助商。所有人都同意这种说法，尽管规模小，但不比任何一个大型建筑项目要求低。然而所有为该小规模项目做出的努力和规划是为了作为斯洛文尼亚的一个特殊地方来保存记忆、精神和山地文化。其希望在于为所有需要它的登山者提供庇护，通过他们的关心和关注，露营地将持续多年。

Although the scale of the bivouac is small, the project required a lot of effort and planning from over sixty participants who were mostly volunteers and sponsors. All would agree that, despite the small size, it was no less demanding than any large building project. However, all of the effort and planning for this small scale project is meant to keep the memory, spirit and culture of the mountains as a special place for Slovenians. The hope is that the bivouac will serve as a shelter for all of the climbers who need it, and that through their care and attention the bivouac will continue to do so for many years.

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