河川生态园

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像新加坡这样一个拥有诸多便利设施的现代化大都市，人们有时会希望暂时远离城市生活去拥抱大自然。河川生态园是亚洲首个也是唯一的一个以河流为主题的野生动物公园。它不仅仅是一个野生动物的集合，同时将动物栖息处和自然环境结合起来 – 将人和动物同时融入自然中，使人们可以观察动物如何在野外生活，同时与动物建立一个开放的并且真实的联系，并提供了传统围合方式的优势。

While a modern metropolis such as Singapore offers many amenities and conveniences, there are times when people seek respite from urban life and a chance to interact with nature. River Safari is the first and only river-themed wildlife park in Asia, hosting Southeast Asia’s largest panda exhibit and the world’s largest freshwater aquarium.  It is not just a collection of wildlife exhibits, but blends the animal habitats into a natural setting – immersing guests and animals in the same landscape. It allows people to observe how animals live in the wild and to establish an open, authentic connection with the animals, yet offering the same safety benefits of a more traditional enclosure.

河川生态园占地12公顷，坐落在新加坡动物园和夜间野生动物园之间的实里达上段蓄水池，拥有来自全球八大标志性河川的淡水栖息地动物， 包括亚马逊河、刚果河、恒河、湄公河、密西西比河、墨累河、尼罗河和长江。

Sited along the Upper Seletar Reservoir and nestled between Singapore Zoo and Night Safari, this 12ha attraction features animals representing eight freshwater habitats from around the world – Amazon, Congo, Ganges, Mekong, Mississippi, Murray, Nile and Yangtze rivers.

一到达河川生态园，游客就从被遮盖的走道进入入口广场。建筑师在入口采用了一系列的适合人的尺度的两层高小屋。广场容纳了提供无误的设施包括二层的礼品店、护理室和餐厅以及一层的办公室、功能室和急救站。广场就好像一个“村落”，为游客开始生态园旅程之前见面、社交、休息和互致问候而设。

On arrival, visitors are led by a covered walkway to the entrance plaza. In response to the need to provide human scale, the architects incorporated a series of two-storey huts at the entrance. The plaza accommodates services and facilities including a gift shop, nursing rooms and a restaurant on the second storey; offices, a function room and first-aid station on the first storey. Functioning as a ‘village’, the entrance plaza is intended for meeting, socialising, resting and exchanging greetings before visitors move through to other destinations.

广场的木屋有着十分尊重自然的结构与外形。设计时，造型和采光是两个重要的考虑因素。木屋中有一个旋转楼梯，黑褐色竖向铝构建轻轻包裹住楼梯，同时允许光线和视线的穿越，人们需要经过楼梯逐步看到风景。木屋采用当地材料建造，细节美观，结构谦逊独特。金属屋顶处理得十分巧妙，看起来就像轻盈的树冠，屋顶结构支撑件与屋面的交汇处开设圆形天窗。

The structure and appearance of the huts are informed with an awareness and respect for the natural landscape. Views and natural light are two important considerations in the genesis of the form. This collection of multi-functional spaces over two storeys is unified by a dog-legged spiral staircase carved out of the structure.  The staircase is wrapped with dark brown vertical aluminium trellis that sensitively filters daylight and views into the inner spaces. As one traverses the veiled spiral staircase, direct views to the surrounding nature and reservoir gradually unfold.

A focus on fine detailing and the use of local materials when designing the huts created a structure that is both modest and unique. Applying extensive treated bamboo screening underneath, the otherwise solid metal roofs of the huts are transformed into a lightweight canopy. Each of the four metal roofs are supported with a cluster of twisting structural steel columns that terminates at the apex with a circular skylight – a mimicry of the existing perimeter trees that are reaching towards the sky.

亚马逊河区域的卫生间，天窗下种植植物和组织，沿着天窗周围设置了一圈木格栅，能有效防止雨水乱溅。这些独特的设计元素，不光提升空间品质，也有助开放与隐私的交互。

A similar approach is reiterated in the unique semi-outdoor bathrooms throughout the entire development. The central skylight with a wooden trellis veil enlivens the interior of the bathrooms in the entrance plaza zone, while preventing rainwater from splashing into the space. Another example is found in the Amazon River Quest zone. The open-air wash basin area is surrounded by natural greenery and bamboo detailing, generating a pleasant microclimate by tempering the immediate environment. These distinctive design elements not only give the bathroom interiors an identity, but also foster the interplay between openness and privacy.

整个园区主要分成四个部分：世界河流，大熊猫森林，亚马逊河域区及亚马逊森林区。所有的路线都精心策划，每个专题区都有各自不同的体验氛围。河流野生动物园提供了一个动态的游廊，供人们观看各种不同的静态风景，比如在景区的东部修建了一条165米长的观景长廊，人们在这条长廊上看到不同的风景，同时这条长廊本身也成为一景。

The park brings together four distinct zones – Rivers of the World, Giant Panda Forest, the Amazon River Quest ride and Amazon Flooded Forest. The paths are carefully orchestrated to give visitors different experiences at each of the thematic zones. The charm of River Safari lies beyond the traditional static animal observation; the journey is planned as a kind of promenade designed for both lingering and dynamic viewing. For example, one of the key features is a 165m-long bridge which is built over the reservoir and offers a panoramic view out to the east. Along with the animal enclosures and attractions, the setting itself becomes another attraction as the visitor can experience vistas which are unique to this part of Singapore.

当然，熊猫森林是一个大亮点，设计尽量利用现状坡地，人们经入口进入后通过高架桥近距离平行观赏大熊猫。玻璃穹顶控制温度和适度并避免阳光直射，营造出适宜的物种生存环境。玻璃上的竹叶印花在地面上投下斑驳的“树影”。

另外一个亮点来自旅程尾声的水世界。经过水下通道，人们能看见一个巨大的水濑，再往前走，就是4米高22米长的全景透明水下隧道。这是一个将重点放在游客体验，并挑战传统动物园互动模式的设计。这里让游客流连忘返。

Undoubtedly, the Giant Panda Forest is one of the highlights of the journey. In order to minimise the physical impact to the topography, the panda enclosure capitalises on the existing sloping terrain. From the entrance, visitors are led by an elevated walkway so that they can encounter the pandas at eye level. Looking into the species’ living environment, the architects designed a glazed dome structure that encloses a temperature and humidity-controlled space. The space maintains a strong connection with the changing patterns of daylight, and at the same time avoids direct sunlight. The pattern of bamboo leaves on the glazed dome imitates the effect of bamboo trees casting dappled shadows on the ground.

Another immersive attraction is the Amazon Flooded Forest towards the end of the journey. The visitors pass through an underwater tunnel and emerge into a rich underwater universe. One of the first experiences after the tunnel is the encounter with the giant river otters. The barriers between the animals and visitors are well disguised so the experience is much more intimate than would typically be expected.  Another darkened tunnel leads visitors to gently descend into a river environment; the dramatic control of the ambient lighting from light into darkness enhances the sense of arrival and experience.  Walking in front of acrylic viewing panels of more than 22m in length and 4m in height, visitors are treated to a panoramic view of the underwater environment.

The manatees and numerous schools of fish practically envelope the viewers, while stingrays swim in a fan-shaped tank in the ceiling above. Natural light permeates this space and plays off the surface of the water while penetrating the depths to create an almost ethereal scene below the surface. The careful and detailed attention to light and volume imparts a true sense of discovery to the visitor.

The priority in the design of River Safari is to place an emphasis on the visitor experience and to challenge conventional thinking of zoo interaction. Visitors are guided on a rhythmic journey that offers intimate observation of the exhibits in a setting that is an attraction unto itself.

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