克罗地亚“双宫殿”改造丨克罗地亚扎达尔丨AB Forum

总督宫是历史城市扎达尔市中心一个综合建筑群中的一部分，最近被翻新。它与之前翻新的院长宫一起，共同形成了一个全新城市机构，即“双宫殿”，一个在翻新的历史地标中的当代设计干预项目。这个新生的艺术文化枢纽占据了约一万平方米的面积。该综合体被构想为扎达尔市的文化客厅，以及国家背景下重要的艺术文化中心。经过翻新的宫殿现在成为一个四通八达的综合体，而在计划的第三阶段将实现功能的完整统一。总督宫的大部分室内空间都用作画廊，同时除展览和教育活动之外，该建筑还包括了扎达尔市图书馆的分支以及两个音乐厅。

Providur’s Palace is the most recently renovated part of an integrated architectural complex in the historic center of Zadar. Together with the previously renovated Rector’s Palace, it now forms a new city institution, Two Palaces – a contemporary intervention within the renovated historical landmarks. This newborn nexus of art and culture stretches over an area of ten thousand square meters. The complex has been envisioned as a cultural living room for the city of Zadar, as well as a significant center of art and culture in the national context. The renovated palaces now form a well-connected complex while the final functional unification into a single entity will be completed within the scheduled third phase of the project. Most of the interior of the Providur’s Palace is dedicated to gallery spaces while, along with exhibition and educational activities, the building also hosts a branch of the Zadar City Library as well as two concert halls.

▼远眺改造后的屋顶，a distant view of the renovated roof © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼项目鸟瞰，aerial view of the project ©  Filip Brala

位于历史建筑街区背景中的这座古老宫殿是古老的市中心最引人瞩目的建筑综合体。在过去的几十年里，总督宫承接了各类城市机构、民间协会、俱乐部以及其他小型团体。“双宫殿”建筑群经历了不断的扩建、重建、分割、拆毁，以满足每个特定历史时期的需要。因此，宫殿的内部空间并没有很好地整合在一起，几个世纪以来，它已经变成了一个迷宫，像一张杂糅的网，不仅在水平向延伸，也在垂直方向不断延伸。

In the context of historical architecture, the old palaces are the most impressive building complex in the old city center. During the last few decades Providur’s Palace hosted various city institutions, civil associations, clubs, and other small users. The Two Palaces compound has been in the process of continuous expansion, reconstruction, partitioning, and destruction depending on the needs of each specific time. Therefore the interior spaces of the palaces were not well integrated on the inside, over the centuries it had become a labyrinth which, as a tangled web, extended not only horizontally, but also vertically

▼入口大厅，entrance hall © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼展览空间，exhibition halls © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼被保留的历史痕迹，conserved historical traces © Bosnic+Dorotic

建筑师的主要任务是在这个历史悠久的建筑群中创造一个全新的、包罗万象的内部空间。参差不齐的极端现状必须进行改造，以适应多种新用途：包括扎达尔国家博物馆、一个音乐厅、一个多功能厅、扎达尔音乐协会办公室以及城市图书馆。先前的布局中极端不连贯的空间完全不适合作为博物馆空间。建筑师的主要任务之一是在空间中创造一条清晰的动线，并使迷宫般的结构具有可读性。在设计这两个宫殿的改造项目时，建筑师决定不去破坏现有的空间结构，以建筑被发现时的形式，保留珍贵的建筑群，保留其在历史中所经历的所有改造与创伤所凝固出的形象。

The overall task for the architects was to create a new and multifaceted interior within the historical compound. The extremely heterogenous conditions had to be transformed to welcome the different use: Zadar National Museum, a concert hall, a multifunctional hall, the Zadar Concert Office and the city library. The extreme spatial incoherency of the previous layout was entirely unsuitable as a museum space. One of the architects’ major tasks was to create a clear route through the space and make the labyrinthine structure readable. While designing the project for the renovation of both palaces, the architects decided to keep this precious complex, the frozen image of all the transformations and traumas the buildings experienced through history, in the form that it was found in, and not destroy the existing spatial structure.

▼展览空间概览，exhibition hall overview © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼多功能厅，polyvalent hall © Bosnic+Dorotic

总督宫的巨大中庭以前是一个敞开的空间，现在已经变为一个覆顶的通道，是连接两座建筑的中心区域。中庭宽敞的多层体量是建筑群中最具纪念意义的部分，它承担了主要出入口的重要功能，游客可经由此进入两座宫殿的各个区域。中庭里清晰可见的历史叠层以及新建筑元素的覆盖，让新与旧的相遇变得极为明显。空间以白色为主，光线透过半透明的聚碳酸酯屋顶，将游客的目光吸引到上方的钢框架上。钢框架延伸为一座巨大的白色楼梯，像触角一般切断中庭的空间，试探性地触碰着不能施加重力的地板。这是因为原有的石质地板之下隐藏并保护着古代的容器，这些容器现在被用作洒水装置的水箱。除了石质地板，老井盖也被保存了下来。

The large atrium of the Providur’s Palace, a former open space, has become a covered passage, a central zone connecting the two buildings. The spacious multilevel volume of the atrium is the most monumental part of the complex and has taken over the crucial function of being the main entrance and exit as well as the space from which a visitor can approach every section of the Two Palaces. By means of visible overlap of historical layers and new architectural elements in the atrium, the encounter of the old and the new has been made most apparent. The space is dominantly white and the light coming through the translucent polycarbonate roof draws the visitor’s eyes upwards, to the steel framework. The steel framework extends into large white staircases which cut through the space of the atrium like feelers, lightly touching the ground they cannot lean on. This is because the original stone floor hides and protects ancient containers, which now serve as water tanks for sprinklers. In addition to the stone floor, the old well cover has also been preserved.

▼中庭空间概览，atrium space overview © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼历史地板与保留的水井，historic floor and conserved water well © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼中庭角落，corner in the atrium © Bosnic+Dorotic

两座桥横跨中庭的开放空间，一座是新建的，另一座在改造过程中就已存在。这两座桥分别连接了两种截然相反的宫殿室内空间组织理念。两座桥中的一座是以前的阳台，它以鲜红色为主色调，成为宫殿的一个标志。这个古老的钢结构框架在修复过程中被发现于层层石膏之下。承重结构是19世纪达尔马提亚地区建筑中特有的设计，无疑是工程上的瑰宝。虽然在最初的改造中计划将其拆除，但建筑师认识到该结构的价值，并决定保留它。红色结构的钢制地板现在包含一个坡道，适合行动不便的游客，它接管了连接两座宫殿的功能。由于其强烈的色彩，该结构元素如今也变成了一个雕塑——一个单色中庭中的动态红色元素。

Two bridges cross the open space of the atrium, one newly constructed, one found on-site in the process of renovation. These two bridges link the two diametrically opposed concepts of the palaces’ respective interior organization. One of the two bridges, a former balcony, is accentuated by its bright red color and has become a kind of trademark of the Palace. This ancient steel framework was discovered during the renovation process, under layers of plaster. An engineering gem, the bearing structure is a design particular to 19th century architecture in Dalmatia. Although intended for demolition in the original renovation plans, the architects recognized the value of the structure and decided to keep it. The steel floor of the red structure now contains a ramp, suitable for visitors with disabilities, and it has taken over the function of a bridge connecting the two palaces. Due to its intense coloring, the constructive element has now become a sculpture as well — a dynamic red element in a monochromatic atrium.

▼新建的廊桥，newly constructed bridge © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼从宫殿中望向新建的廊桥，newly constructed bridge view from palace © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼新建廊桥俯瞰，top view of the newly constructed bridge © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼从宫殿走廊中望向中庭，view of palace corridor and atrium © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼从前的阳台被改造为另一座廊桥，a former balcony is transformed in to another bridge © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼鲜红的钢结构框架，bright red steel framework © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼中庭空间细节，details in the atrium © Bosnic+Dorotic

穿过压倒性的白色抽象空间，游客可以爬至最高层的玻璃走廊，在那里会发现自己被天空的蓝色和周围扎达尔屋顶的红色所包围。通过这座瞭望台，整座城市业已变为另一件展品。

Moving from the overwhelming whiteness of the abstract space, the visitors can climb up to the highest level of the glass corridor where they will find themselves exposed to the blues of the sky and the reds of the surrounding Zadar rooftops. From a kind of belvedere, the city now becomes another exhibit on display.

▼从玻璃走廊望向中庭，atrium viewing from glass corridor © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼从玻璃走廊概览，glass corridor overview © Bosnic+Dorotic

放置于综合体屋顶上的钢结构网格是整做建筑的脊柱，关乎技术、通信与施工，对建筑的生存至关重要。它隐藏了所有必要的设施，以满足综合体建筑复杂的需求，如众多内置空调机组、通风管井和配套基础设施。这个震撼的附属结构渗透、连接并复兴了它所匍匐其上的历史建筑，将所有技术设备隐藏，同时保持了第五立面的完整。

A steel grid placed on the roof of the complex is the technological, communication and construction backbone of the structure, crucial for the building’s viability. It hides all the installations necessary to meet the requirements in a complex envisioned for such diverse purposes, such as numerous built-in air-conditioning units, ventilation channels and supporting infrastructure. This surprising parasite penetrates, connects, and revives the historic structure it leans on, hiding all of its technological equipment while leaving its fifth facade intact.

▼钢结构玻璃走廊，glass corridor with steel structure © Bosnic+Dorotic

这座古老的石头遗迹，即“双宫殿”，因此被连接到一个“维持它们呼吸”的机器上——一个建筑外壳，其中隐藏着原来的宫殿不会容纳的全新包络层。这个结构也包含一个重要的构造功能：一个骑在宫殿墙壁上的钢结构网格，支撑着中庭的半透明屋顶、楼梯以及风景秀丽的玻璃走廊。

The old stone relics, the two palaces, have thus been connected to a machine that “keeps them breathing” — an architectural suprastructure concealing new layers which the original palaces were never intended to incorporate. This structure also performs a major tectonic function: the steel grid, leaning on the palace walls, supports the translucent roof of the atrium, the staircases and the glass corridor with its scenic view.

▼风景秀丽的玻璃走廊，the glass corridor with its scenic view © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼屋顶上的钢结构网格中隐藏了所有必要设备，steel grid placed on the roof hides all the installations necessary © Bosnic+Dorotic

▼俯瞰玻璃走廊，top view of the glass corridor ©  Filip Brala

“双宫殿”项目是当代建筑基础设施与原址历史层叠痕迹的共生系统。整个项目的理念基础是对数百年历史的建筑进行改造时采取的一种新颖、专业且大胆的视角，要在被保护的历史城市空间中提供全新的基础设施，并针对从前不曾存在的新用途做出调整。建筑师希望这个项目能够打开一扇门，以直率坦诚的当代手段在古老的城市中心进行建设，运用当代建筑语言及材料，并与项目中的所有参与者（建筑师、环保人士、城市机关代表、建筑承包商等）充分沟通，鼎力合作。

The Two Palaces project is a symbiosis of contemporary architectural infrastructure and the historical layers found on-site. The conceptual background of the project is a fresh, professional, and daring perspective on renovation of centuries-old buildings, which are provided with new infrastructure and adjusted for previously unintended usage, inside protected historical urban spaces. The architects hope that this project will open the door to an unreservedly contemporary approach to construction inside historical city centers, using contemporary language and materials, supported by fruitful communication of all participants in the project: architects, conservationists, representatives of city institutions, building contractors and others.

▼总平面图，site plan ©  AB Forum

▼一层平面图，ground floor plan ©  AB Forum

▼二层平面图，first floor plan ©  AB Forum

▼三层平面图，second floor plan ©  AB Forum

▼四层平面图，third floor plan ©  AB Forum

▼剖面图，sections ©  AB Forum