水堂 · 柬埔寨社区会堂的可持续设计与实践

“水堂”建于柬埔寨马徳望的Sneung村，为当地居民提供安全食水，并成爲村民可以聚集、庆祝和互相照应的社区会堂。该社会建筑项目获得了香港建筑师学会（HKIA）建筑师社区项目基金的赞助，使水堂得以实践。

WaterHall Project, located in Sneung Village of Battambang in Cambodia, is a community hall which houses a pump and filter system that generates clean water for locals. The social architecture project won the Hong Kong Institute of Architects (HKIA) Architect Community Project Fund sponsorship.

▼项目概览，overall view of the project ©Magic Kwan, Kenrick Wong

顾名思义，这是一个多面改善居民生活的建筑物。水堂不但可持续地为贫困社区提供安全的饮用水，同时也创建了一个举办各类社区活动或村民交流闲暇的场所，形成一个让村民关係更紧密的地方。此外，在设计过程中，我们注意到当地特别的建筑技术和手工艺品製作方法，于是我们制成一本建筑手册，让当地村民学习如何以传统建筑材料，配以现代化技术制成水堂，达至助人自助。

Waterhall Project sustainably provides safe drinking water to underprivileged communities, whilst creating a social hub to garner social gatherings, celebrations and community festivities. It also mitigates the pollution problem created by plastic bottle waste. The discovering and documenting of local building technique and handicraft making methodologies was important during the design process, as it serves to inspire modern architecture.

▼剖面图，水堂中的不同活动，section, different activities in the WaterHall ©Orient Occident Atelier

Sneung 是一个位于马徳望的偏远村庄，在赤（红色高棉）时期曾被地雷严重破坏。村民的主要水源为附近的湖泊和水井。由于气候变化引起的反覆乾旱与洪水，和附近工厂的污染，这些水源变得非常不可靠。因此，该村不断使用塑料瓶装水，造成废物染问题。

Sneung is a remote village located in the outskirts of Battambang, which was previously ravaged by landmines in the Khmer Rouge era. The village uses a lake nearby and wells as its main water sources. This means that access to water is very unreliable, as the lake is dry for half of the year due to recurring droughts and floods caused by climate change, and wells are contaminated by pollution from nearby factories. Furthermore, the village is also affected by waste pollution caused by constant usages of plastic bottled water.

为了缓解水资源短缺的问题，我们筹集了资金并创建了水堂。 从自然降雨和附近的湖泊中收集水，然后将其通过系统过滤，为当地人提供安全的饮用水以供使用。 村民们能使用当地製造的陶瓷壶和瓶子来运送过滤水，从而也减轻了塑料瓶垃圾的污染问题。

In order to alleviate the water shortage problem, our team raised funds and created the WaterHall Project. Water is collected from both natural rainfall and the nearby lake which is then filtered through the system, providing safe potable water for locals to collect and use. With the villagers able to use locally made ceramic jugs and bottles to carry filtered water, the plastic bottle garbage pollution problem is then mitigated.

▼滤水和储水系统轴侧示意图，axonometric of the water filtration and collection system ©Orient Occident Atelier

在设计过程中，我们探讨并纪录了当地的建筑技术和手工艺，这些技术均以现代的科技发展加以运用和表达。 希望水堂可以作为试点项目，最终在全世界使用。 在这种情况下，各项目的建筑技术和手工艺将根据位置而变化，但我们独特的当代建筑风格将始终被表达出来。

During the design process, we investigated and documented local building techniques and methodologies of craft, which are employed and expressed with a contemporary language. The hope is that the WaterHall Project can serve as a pilot project, eventually employed around the world. In such a case, local building techniques and methods of craft will change depending on the location, however, our unique contemporary language would always be expressed.

▼建筑外圈的坡道，ramp around the building ©Magic Kwan, Kenrick Wong

▼内圈由玻璃围合，the inner circle enclosed by glass ©Magic Kwan, Kenrick Wong

▼中部水井，well in the center ©Magic Kwan, Kenrick Wong

▼储水空间，water collection space ©Magic Kwan, Kenrick Wong

▼建筑由砖砌成，采用当地工艺，the building is composed of bricks, using local construction techniques ©Magic Kwan, Kenrick Wong

在2019年春季建成后，马徳望正遭受近期历史上最严重的干旱，而水堂却成功提供过滤饮用水。 该项目受到当地社区的热烈欢迎，并成为公共枢纽，成功培养当地社区的精神。我们也希望通过融入当代当地建筑方法，能为其他村落带来帮助以及正面影响。

Upon its completion in Spring of 2019, we were able to get filtered potable water while Battambang was experiencing the worst drought in its recent history. The project was greatly welcomed by the local community and created a communal hub, cultivating the local community spirit. Water Hall is the winner of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects (HKIA) Architect Community Project Fund 2017.

▼项目为当地居民提供过滤饮用水，project providing filtered water for the local people ©Magic Kwan, Kenrick Wong

▼轴测图，axonometric ©Orient Occident Atelier

▼平面图，plan ©Orient Occident Atelier

Completion Year: 2019 Feb Gross Built Area: 60 square meters Project location: Sneung, Battambang, Kingdom of Cambodia Clients: Village S

Design Principals: Kenrick Wong, Magic Kwan Design Principal e-mail: kenrick@ooa.design, magic@ooa.design Design Team: Kenrick Wong, Magic Kwan, Fionne Chan, Harrison Lai Collaborators: Jane Luk, Janet Tam

Photo credits: Magic Kwan, Kenrick Wong       Photographer’s website: ooa.design Photographer’s e-mail: info@ooa.design, magic@ooa.design, kenrick@ooa.design, Video link: https://youtu.be/xa1LZzTfx7Y