西安“粼”岛景观规划

GVL Gossamer 通过激烈的竞争，成为赢得西安“八水”之一的泾河 — 国际景观竞赛项目的参赛单位之一。项目泾河河道总长19公里。利用悠久古老的传统建筑、商业贸易、农业创新作为设计的三大策略来庆祝场地历史上曾是丝绸之路的起点这一伟大事件。综合考虑历史原因与自然气候环境因素，Gossamer提出在河流廊道（泾河）与城市（泾河新城）之间建立一个新的亲水界面。设计方案“粼”岛位于国家政策“一带一路”的中心轴线上，通过为西安打造一个活跃的生态脊梁和世界级滨水区，为河流廊道的开发与修复做出了示范。

GVL Gossamer have been selected as finalists in an international competition for a 19km stretch of waterfront along the Jing River, one of the 8 great rivers of Xi’an, China. The proposal celebrates the site’s history at the origin of the Silk Road though design strategies that tap into ancient and enduring histories of traditional architecture, merchant trade and agricultural innovation. Weaving these influences with responses to major climactic and environmental challenges Gossamer propose a new interface between the planned Jinghe New City and the river corridor. Located on the One Belt, One Road land axis, the Dragon Skin River offers a template for growth and remediation by creating an active ecological spine & world class waterfront for greater Xi’an.

▼将城市连接至河流与湿地，Connect the city with the river and wetlands

方案提出三个策略作为设计概念框架的回应：“水岸重生”作为对气候变化造成的雨洪问题的响应，“激活生态”用于支持场地的排洪系统、雨水管理以及促进生物多样性的提高，“彰显人文”则用于反应西安丰富的历史传统与文化背景。这三个策略作为一系列适用本地的最佳实践，包括多样性的堤岸开放空间与活动场所，对传统中国村落布局的梳理、以及对当地建筑类型进行了全新诠释。

▼设计概念，design concept

▼三个策略框架，Three Skin Conceptual Framework

The design proposes a ‘Three Skin’ approach to site. A ‘Guardian Skin’ for climate resilience and flood mitigation, An ‘Ecological Skin’, supporting onsite water treatment and biodiversity and a ‘Cultural Skin’ capturing the rich traditional and historical context of Xi’an. The Three Skins deploy a suite of local and best practice approaches including multifunctional dike design, traditional Chinese land management techniques and interpretation of local typologies

▼“粼”岛将为西安打造活跃的生态脊梁，The Dragon Scale River provides an ecological spine for Xi’an

基于对西安传统建筑语言的理解，雕塑或夯实景观形成建筑的实践或语言是显而易见的，方案利用泥土的移动作为堆砌地形及塑造建筑的主要因素来反应当地建筑风格的传承与发扬。同时，方案提出的三个策略为场地12个主要地区的串联建立了设计语言，包括陕商故里、水晶明池、龙鳞湿地、艺术博物馆、农业旅游等。

Reflecting on the regions architectural lineage of carving channels, mounding earth and building into the terrain the project leverages the sculpting of earth as a primary driver. These motifs establish a design language for 12 destinations along the river, including the Merchant Village, Wild Goose Lake, Dragon Scale Wetlands, The Museum of Earthen Architecture and Jing River Agro-Tourism Hub.

▼总平面图，Masterplan establishes 12 key destinations

几个世纪以来，大规模的森林砍伐以及人为因素导致河流廊道汛期负担沉重，加剧了洪涝季节带来的挑战，水岸的侵蚀与沉积，场地河流的污染以及生物多样性减少等问题日益严重。依据不同时期的洪水水位线，方案提出的三种慢行空间系统“守护人(Guardian)”，“幻想家(Dreamer)”和“梦中人(Sleeper)”区分出四个沿着河流廊道蜿蜒的独特的景观区域。这些区域通过种植和开展适应气候变化的活动，创造多种景观环境，包括生态湿地、烂漫花田、可食农业园、开阔草原、森林秘境等。以及利用河流廊道内可泛洪的活动空间，设计探险乐园、运动场、单车道、人行步道、古道单车、滑板空间等活动场所来激活河流前滩。

“守护人(Guardian)”，“幻想家(Dreamer)”和“梦中人(Sleeper)”这三种慢行空间系统通过软性、硬性、混合性边界处理措施以及防浪林、鱼骨堰、梯田（格宾石笼生态护坡）和通过河渠流向龙鳞湿地的溪流来作为多层整合景观生态基础设施系统用以抵消侵蚀带来的影响。其中，湿地通过分流河道，减缓了水流流速，而我们所设计的“龙鳞”岛屿，通过尽可能制造多的河渠分散水系以及尽可能的减少河岸分离来促进生物的多样性，来为湿地生态系统的建立提供一个优化的形状。

Over the centuries mass deforestation and changes to the river corridor have exacerbated challenges posed by  flood seasons, increasing issues of erosion, sedimentation, onsite pollution and biodiversity reduction. Working with major flooding levels, three raised pathways, The Protector, The Dreamer and the Sleeper delineate four unique landscape zones that meander along the river corridor. The zones allow planting and activities to be chosen based on climate resilience creating diverse landscapes comprising of wetlands, flower fields, food orchards, grasslands and forests. Within the river corridor floodable activities such as adventure play, sports fields, biking/walking trails, BMX tracks and skate parks activate the foreshore. The Protector, Dreamer and Sleeper counteract erosion via soft, mixed and hard edge solutions in addition to wave break forests, bend way weirs, terracing and channel diversion into the new Dragon Scale Wetlands. By diverting the watercourse the wetlands help slow water speeds, while the “Scale” formation offers an optimized shape for establishing wetland eco systems by dispersing water while minimizing bank separation.

▼三种慢行空间造就了4个独特的景观区，Guardian, Dreamer and Sleeper Paths establish 4 unique landscape zones

▼龙鳞湿地呼应区域的地理形态，The Dragon Scale Wetlands responds to the regions mounding of earth as a formal driver

▼起伏的场地形态带来沉浸式的湿地游览体验，scale forms create an immersive and iconic wetland experience

一系列生物多样性再生策略恢复了当地的自然栖息地和来自家庭、工业、农业的河流污染物。传统的西安池塘景观是通过一个梯级网络的水池、洼地以及溪流进行捕捉、储存及清洁雨洪。通过在堤坝前后设置这些雨洪网络系统，创建了临时的和受保护的海绵城市网络，保证了全年整个区域的洁净用水，并解决了当地水资源短缺的问题。“野生天鹅湖”利用这个网络系统，开展了游艇棚、海滩、独木舟、钓鱼、排球等活动，“水镜明池”梯田湖滨水上活动中心则为游人提供游泳及诸如特色桑拿、温泉、儿童泳池、冬日溜冰等富有吸引力的亲水季节性体验。通过堤坝封顶措施利用生物和机械手段对土壤污染进行治理，同时提供了多种植物再生林、湿地和农场空间。自然农场的位置与主要的农业廊道相呼应，为了保护附近的农庄，我们利用场地本身独特的农业肌理，为想要在周末与假期学习和体验可持续农业实践的观光客提供了可供其使用的一系列鱼塘果园和农场景观的传统民宿乡村目的地。

A rage of biodiversity regeneration strategies reinstate native habitats and clean domestic, industrial and agricultural pollutants. The historical pond landscape of Xian is returned via a stepped network of ponds, swales and creeks that capture, store and clean storm water. By staging these systems behind and in front of the Protector dike creates both ephemeral and protected sponge city networks, allowing for clean water detention all year round and a solution to local water scarcity. The proposed Wild Goose Lake leverages this strategy boasting a boatshed and beach with canoe hire, fishing and volleyball. A terraced lakeside aquatic centre creates a swimming and water experience attraction for everyone featuring saunas, spas, lap pools, kid’s pools and ice skating in the winter.  Biological and mechanical responses to soil pollution utilize dikes for capping while providing Phyto-regeneration forests, wetlands and farms. Phyto-farm locations correspond with primary agricultural corridors for Agro-tourism and the preservation of local farming villages. Here traditional village layouts are extended incorporating enhanced fish ponds, orchards and farmscapes where visitors can experience sustainable farming and lifestyle practices.

▼“野生天鹅湖”提供四季皆宜的活动场地，the Wild Goose Lake offers summer and winter based activities

百年一遇的防洪护堤区域突破了传统的防洪堤坝的概念，为临近区域提供了活动的空间与场所，这个多功能堤岸空间整合了景观与建筑结构，沿河流廊道创造了多种空间的使用途径。这一系列独特的文化中心将现有的城市肌理与水岸特色融为一体。艺术博物馆与保护区堤岸融为一体，通过一系列景观建筑与重新雕刻的方式来响应对传统的夯土型建筑景观的理解。沿着河流廊道往西，商业小镇（陕商故里）建立了一个用于开展各种活动的新的城市中心，利用洪水水位线的变化，激活竖向空间上多种活动的发生，巧妙的将河流廊道与规划中的新的CBD区域做了横向连结。商业小镇为了回应地方传统建筑风格、材料使用偏好和文化传统习俗，建立了拱廊、巷道、下沉庭院和广场等景观，为区域特色提供了独特的现代诠释。在这里，拱廊区域不但呈现了绝佳的河岸观光视野，提供了海绵城市生态基础设施，也开辟了一个大型封闭式文化广场作为活动庆典举办的场所。这种现代拱顶砖砌美学工程在一系列高耸的生态瞭望台和桥梁之间得以延续，对重要的景观空间与联系做出回应。

The main 1 in 100 year Protector dike breaks away from traditional flood wall concepts by promoting opportunities for adjacent activities, this ‘multifunctional dike’ allows for integration of landscape and architecture structures creating a multitude of uses along the river edge. Here a series of distinctive cultural hubs fuse the existing urban fabric with the water edge. A Museum of Earthen Architecture merges with the Protector dike through a series landscape buildings and carved access ways responding to traditional architecture of mounded and rammed earth. Further west along the river, a new Merchant Village establishes an urban center for events and activities, bringing the river edge to a planned new CBD district. The village responds to traditional massing, cultural events and brick materiality establishing a landscape of arches, laneways, sunken courtyards and plazas contributing a distinct modern interpretation of regional features. A new civic plaza and landmark viewing bridge offers unparalleled views across the river, whilst housing sponge city infrastructure. This modern vaulted brick aesthetic is continued in a series of stilted eco-lookout pavilions and bridges responding to important vistas and connections.

▼植物园和游戏场地，Mounded Botanic Garden and Playscape

▼拱廊区域开辟了一个大型的活动庆典场所，the Gateway Arch establishes a destination for large scale events and activities

▼生态湿地，Treatment Wetlands

▼商业小镇，Merchant Village