犹太教堂广场改造

犹太教堂广场，位于Onda历史城区中心，1967年该广场被列为当地重要的伊斯兰时期(s.XI-sXII)历史遗产，具有极高的文化价值。项目旨在通过对广场的改造，达到城市更新与历史遗产保护的目的。在Onda紧凑的中世纪城市规划布局中，犹太教堂广场开辟出一块供人喘息的空地，广场毗邻中世纪阿拉伯宫殿和基督教教堂的考古遗址，在过去曾是当地重要的社交会议场所，同时也承担了农业用途或作为儿童学校的操场使用。可惜的是，在过去的几十年里，该广场仅仅被当作停车场使用，空间的质量也因此下降。

Sinagogue Square. Context The project is an urban regeneration and heritage intervention, located in the Historical City Center of Onda, from de Islamic period (s.XI-sXII) declared as a Monument of Significant Cultural Interest with the Monument category in 1967. The square is a void in the medieval city, in a topographic area, close to the archaeological rests of arabic medieval palaces and the Chistian Church. This square was a social meeting space in the past, for agriculture uses or as a playground of a children’s school. But in the last decades was used only as a parking lot, degradating the quality of the space.

▼实景鸟瞰，aerial view © Milena Villalba

▼由街道较高部分看项目，viewing the project from the higher part of the street © Milena Villalba

▼由街道较低部分看项目， viewing the project from the lower part of the street  © Milena Villalba

2016年，考古学家在广场地下5米深的地方发现了用石头加固的中世纪夯土围墙、楼梯的剩余部分以及拱门壁柱。人们在考古遗址中发现了一个15×15米大小的空间，遗迹表明这个空间是12世纪安达卢西亚木筏的一部分，木筏四周设有1.4米厚的墙壁。这个空间在曾13-14世纪被人们重新利用，基督教盛行的时期，人们模仿民用建筑与宗教建筑为这里加建了四排石拱门与哥特式楼梯。本项目的目的旨在重新整合广场与其周边的考古遗址，恢复广场与考古场地以及街道多年来割裂的关系，在当地人口明显减少的情况下，重燃人们对社区生活与城市生活的兴趣，完成对城市历史中心的复兴。

In 2016, during an archeological research, an enclosure of medieval rammed earth walls reinforced with stones and the rests of a stair and pilasters of arches were discovered 5 meters deep in the ground. Conservation status In the archaeological site were discovered the remains of a large space 15×15 meters size, from an Andalusian raft of the 12th Century surrounded by 1,40 meters thick walls. This space was reused during the 13-14th Century, during the Hospital Christian Order time, building 4 lines of stone arches and a Gothic staircase from a civil or religious building. The aim of the intervention is to recover the interest and urban life of the neighborhood with an evident depopulation, from the reintegration of the archaeological site to the rest of the square and restoring the connexions to the streets that were lost during years in the archaeological works.

▼由周边环境看项目， viewing the project from surrounding environment © Milena Villalba

设计根据与周边商户以及社区居民的会议讨论进行了多次调整，以适应不同类型人群的需求，除了考虑到行动障碍人士、周边小型企业外，建筑师还将道路的优先级，以及人们对社交以及游戏的空间需求纳入设计之中。

The design was adjusted through different meetings with neighbors and residents of the neighborhood, to adapt to the different particularities: people with reduced mobility, small businesses, preferential routes, needs of meeting and play spaces…

▼入口楼梯，entrance stairs © Milena Villalba

▼底部空间概览，overall of the underground space © Milena Villalba

▼广场上的喷泉，fountain on the square © Milena Villalba

项目的设计从包容性的角度出发，旨在提高社区居民的生活质量。通过一系列的地面设计连接场地上高差不同的区域，例如采用连续防滑石材铺设广场，以呼应传统的广场地面材质。广场与周边的道路由一系列平缓的坡道与小高度的台阶连接，方便了老人们的日常出行，例如去教堂或是送孩子上学等。

The project was designed from an inclusive perspective, to improve the quality of life of people in the neighborhood. The project tries to reconnect the different levels of the place, building a floor with a continuous paving of anti-slipping stone as an adaptation of the traditional paving system. The connections with the streets are solved with soft ramps and with stairs of small height, to facilitate the daily displacements of the elderly people…to go to the oven, to the Church or to take the children to school.

▼木制步道为地下空间遮蔽了阴凉，Wooden walkways shade the underground spaces © Milena Villalba

▼入口台阶成为人们休憩的座位，The entrance steps provide seating for people to rest © Milena Villalba

▼石制拱门遗址，Stone arch ruins © Milena Villalba

由于考古研究的需要，历史悠久的瓦伦西亚街被考古场地断开，因此失去了与城市历史中心的联系。针对这个问题，建筑师设计了一个大型木制平台，并利用适应自然地形的台阶恢复了这条历史通道。广场凌驾于考古空间之上，成为周边街道公共空间的延续。伊罗科木板被手工安装在钢结构上形成一条悬浮的人行步道，以流畅的形态还原了之前的地形。步道入口处设有平缓的台阶，为人们提供了一处休憩与聊天的理想场所。这个木制的城市空间，营造出一种友好的氛围，促进了小尺度城市空间改造的进程。

The historical Valencia Street had been lost when the archaeological area was opened up and disconnected from the historical center. A large wooden platform that adapts to the natural topography with steps, recovers this historic access road. The floating plaza is a continuity of the public space of the surrounding streets, which overflies the archaeological space. A floating pavement of iroko wood slats, with details of handcrafted placement, on a steel structure that allows it to adapt to the topography, through a gentle staggering of small steps to sit and chat. An urban space made of wood, friendly, that promotes the tactile sensation of small scale in urban spaces.

▼施工过程，construction process © Milena Villalba

▼区位图，location plan © el fabricante de espheras / Grupo Aranea / Cel-Ras Arquitectura

▼总平面图，master plan © el fabricante de espheras / Grupo Aranea / Cel-Ras Arquitectura

▼平面图，plan © el fabricante de espheras / Grupo Aranea / Cel-Ras Arquitectura

▼剖面图，sections © el fabricante de espheras / Grupo Aranea / Cel-Ras Arquitectura

SYNAGOGUE SQUARE TECHNICAL INFORMATION: Project: Synagogue Square in the historic center of Onda Authors: el fabricante de espheras / Grupo Aranea / Cel-Ras Arquitectura Project Architects: Pasqual Herrero Vicent / Francisco Leiva Ivorra / Juan Miguel Gil García / Fernando Navarro Carmona / Eduardo J. Solaz Fuster / Ma Amparo Sebastiá Esteve Collaborator Architects: Andrés Llopis Pérez / Jorge Juan Roy Pérez / María Pitarch Roig / Anna Morro Peña / Víctor Muñoz Macián / Yasmina Juan Osa / Francisco Piñó Alcaide / Andrea Gargallo Manota Structures Engineer: Alejandro Doménech Monforte Agricultural Engineer: Marta García Chico Building Engineer: José Luis Carratalà Rico / Guillem García Martí / Sara Juanes Herrera / Elisa García Capilla Photographer: Milena Villalba Project-construction year: 2018-2020 Area:1.029m2 Budget: 455.350,88€