南非民主象征——Desmond Tutu 纪念拱门

2020/02/05 20:17:46

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Clark Thenhaus / Endemic Architecture

Snøhetta：“Arch for Arch”是向人权活动家、诺贝尔和平获得者大主教Desmond Tutu的致敬，南非同胞们亲切地称其为“拱门”，它也是和平与民主的纪念碑。

Snøhetta：The Arch for Arch stands as a tribute to the human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu, affectionally known as “Arch” by fellow South Africans, as well as a monument to peace and democracy.

拱门的设计由Snøhetta工作室与Hatch的工程师Design Indaba合作，并得到了自由组织的支持，标志着Tutu在开普敦开始了许多反对种族隔离的抗议活动。这个坐落在议会和圣乔治大教堂之间的永久性木结构，在市中心创造了一个新的公共空间，其重要位置将不断提醒着立法者。它靠近开普敦大主教的所在地 — 圣乔治大教堂，它构成了通往公司花园的公共入口，自1652年就已存在，是公民进入开普敦文化区最受欢迎的步行方式。

Designed by Snøhetta and Johannesburg-based Local Studio, in collaboration with Design Indaba, the engineers at Hatch, and generously supported by Liberty, the Arch marks the site where Tutu began many of his Anti-Apartheid protests in Cape Town. Situated between the Parliament and St. George’s Cathedral, the permanent wooden structure creates a new public space in the city’s downtown. The Arch’s significant location will stand as a constant reminder to lawmakers. Its proximity to St. George’s Cathedral, which is the seat of the Archbishop of Cape Town, frames the public entrance to the Company’s Garden that has been in existence since 1652, and is the most popular walk for citizens accessing the cultural precinct of Cape Town.

拱门由14根弯曲的木头缠绕而成，代表了南非宪法的14章。拱形的木质元素组成了一个地球仪，纪念Tutu大主教作为国际和平运动的统一人物所发挥的作用。这座拱门高9米，接近3层楼高，当游客从拱门下面经过时，会有一种包围感。

The Arch consists of 14 intertwined strands of bent wood, representing the 14 chapters of the South African constitution. Together the arching wooden elements inscribe a globe, celebrating Archbishop Tutu’s role as a unifying figure for the international peace movement. At 9 meters tall, or nearly 3 stories high, the scale of the Arch envelops visitors as they pass underneath it.

传统的拱顶是由相互推压的反作用力支撑的，由一个拱顶石连接在一起。这些结构特性成为设计的核心概念，拱门象征着南非民主的完整，其概念基石是南非宪法。拱门是由落叶松木材制成的，这种材料非常耐用，耐候性强，随着时间的推移，它会适应周围的环境。木材的温暖有意地赋予了拱门一种亲密的的触感，这种触感以一种不同于传统材料的方式邀人们与建筑进行互动，它不同于人们可能期望的纪念结构，如混凝土、钢铁或石头。

A traditional arch is supported by opposing forces pushing against one another, held together by a keystone. These structural properties emerged as a core concept for the design, where the Arch stands as a metaphor for the integrity of the country’s democracy whose conceptual keystone is the Constitution of South Africa. The Arch is made of Larch wood, a highly durable and resistant material that will weather gracefully over time, taking on the elements of its surroundings. The warmth of wood was intentionally selected to lend the Arch an intimate, tactile quality that invites people to interact with the structure in a way that differs from the conventional materials people might expect for a memorial structure, such as concrete, steel, or stone.

“Arch for Arch”不仅仅只是Tutu大主教的纪念碑。它以南非最重要的民主运动者的遗产为基础，为公众参与维护宪法创造了一个平台。拱门将永远矗立在那里，向为追求民主而牺牲的人们致敬，向世世代代保护这些权利的至关重要的必要性致敬。

The Arch for Arch is more than a monument for Archbishop Tutu. It builds on the legacy of South Africa’s foremost campaigner for democracy to create a platform for public participation in upholding the Constitution. The Arch will stand as a permanent tribute to what was sacrificed in the pursuit of democracy, and the vital necessity of protecting these rights for generations to come.

第一个拱门于2017年10月7日大主教Desmond Tutu86岁生日当天揭幕。另一个较小的拱门现在位于约翰内斯堡宪法山上，宪法法院就坐落在那座山上，它于该国宪法颁布21周年那天12月10日揭幕。

The first Arch was unveiled on the occasion of Archbishop Desmond Tutu’s 86th birthday on October 7, 2017. A second smaller Arch is now located on Constitution Hill in Johannesburg, where the Constitutional Court is located. Its unveiling took place December 10 to coincide with the 21st anniversary of the country’s Constitution.