浙江东阳凤凰谷天澜酒店木结构度假别墅

来自加拿大木业

Appreciations towards Canada Wood for providing the following description:

在浙江东阳，歌山凤凰谷山峦起伏的如画旅游风景区中，坐落着一片木结构度假别墅，仿佛从山林中自然生长出来一样。别墅为东阳凤凰谷天澜酒店的二期。业主在着手开发二期之初，就将木结构列为规划重点，并最终选择了加拿大木业提供的来自加拿大合法林区的各种木材，作为别墅搭建的主要材料。

In Dongyang of east China’s Zhejiang Province, you can find a stretch of wood structure resort villas in the middle of Mount Geshan’s Phoenix Valley, which seem to have grown naturally from the mountains and forests in the picturesque tourist resort of undulating hills. The villas represent the second phase of Dongyang’s Narada Phoenix Valley Resort. In the beginning of the development, the proprietor decided that wood structure would be a top planning priority, and eventually chose a series of timber from Canada’s legal logging areas that were supplied by Canada Wood as the main materials for erecting the villas.

▼项目鸟瞰，bird view of the project

选择木结构的三个原因

Three reasons for choosing the wood structure

一是，别墅身处绿水青山的环抱中，酒店业主希望别墅在材料上可以自然地融入当地环境。木本身就生长于土地，相对于传统的砖混结构或钢结构别墅，木结构别墅更能与在地环境对话，生动诠释凤凰谷的宁静优美。

First, since the villas are surrounded by lucid waters and lush mountains, the property owner hoped that the buildings could naturally blend into the local environment in terms of building materials. Compared with traditional villas built with either the brick-concrete structure or the steel structure, wood structure ones are able to better communicate with the local environment and lively interpret the tranquil beauty of the Phoenix Valley, as wood is something that grows from the earth.

▼木结构建筑融入自然环境，wood structure blend into the local environment

二是，作为旅游度假居所的别墅，业主希望用建筑本身的乐活自然之感，带给居住者不同的旅居体验。人们喜爱木头、亲近木头是天生的，且木材是会呼吸的材料，能够自动调节室内温湿度，居住其中，体感天然舒适。

Second, since the villas serve tourism and holiday purposes, the owner hoped that the buildings could bring occupants different living experiences with their inherent impressions of Lohas and naturality. Mankind has natural-born fondness and intimacy for wood, a kind of material that is able to breathe and automatically adjust the indoor temperature and humidity, providing natural and comfortable living experiences for those staying inside.

▼木材给人以自然亲近之感，wood creates a warm and intimate feeling

三是出于非常实际的经济考量——木结构建筑自身的特点，决定了它搭建方便、快速、灵活。实际上，别墅三栋样板房从设计到建造完成仅用时三个月，这是使用其他材料不可能完成的任务。

Third, out of practical economic considerations, the inherent properties of wood structure make it an erecting option of ease, speed, and flexibility. In fact, from design for completion, the three sample villas in the Phoenix Valley only took three months to finish, which was just a mission impossible for any other material.

▼胶合木梁筑结构示意图，便于搭建，glulam wood beam-column structure which is easy for construction

项目结合场地的特点，依次设计了中式、日式、美式三种不同风格的木结构别墅，期望通过设计赋予木材不同的性格，也造就木材、别墅与周边环境的对话。

With considerations for site characteristics, wood structure villas of three distinctive styles, Chinese, Japanese and American, were designed for the project. It was hoped that through design tactics, lumber be offered different characters, and a dialogue between the lumber, the villas, and the surroundings be made possible as well.

▼总图，site plan

确定了建筑概念以后，对于具体的木结构形式的选择，业主特地请来了具有丰富木结构设计经验的工程师郭苏夷博士。最终，三栋别墅的主体结构采用了北美花旗松胶合木（Douglas Fir Glulam）梁柱式结构与云杉-松-冷杉（SPF）轻型木结构的混合结构体系。

Once the building concepts were finalized, the owner specially invited Dr. Su-Yi Guo, an engineer rich in experiences of designing wood structures, to help determine the actual structural form to be adopted.Eventually, a hybrid structural form combining the Douglas Fir Glulam beam-column structure and the SPF light-frame structure was adopted as the three villas’ main structure.

▼建筑采用北美花旗松胶合木梁柱式结构与杉-松-冷杉轻型木结构的混合结构体系，hybrid structural form combining the Douglas Fir Glulam beam-column structure and the SPF light-frame structure

胶合木梁柱结构的承重构件——梁和柱采用胶合木制作而成，并用金属连接件连接，组成共同受力的梁柱结构体系。由于梁柱式木结构抗侧刚度小，因此柱间通常需要加设支撑或剪力墙，以抵抗侧向荷载作用。胶合木梁柱结构赋予了别墅开阔舒适的会客和公用空间，为室内和室外的对话提供有趣的界面。

As the name suggests, the load-bearing structural components of the glulam wood beam-column structure, namely the beams and the columns, are made with glued-Glulam frame and joined by metal connectors to form a beam-column structural system that shares the loads. Since the beam-column wood structure has a low lateral resistance, bracing or shear walls need to be added between columns to offset the lateral loads. Application of the glulam wood beam-column structure provided generous and comfortable meeting and public spaces for the villas and enabled an interesting interface for dialogue between the indoor and outdoor spaces.

▼面对庭院的界面采用胶合木梁筑，使室内外产生对话，glulam wood beam-column structure used at the interface of the interior and the garden

而轻型木结构在这一别墅项目中，则应用于相对私密的生活空间，舒适度高而且分隔灵活。轻型木结构主要采用规格材、木基结构板材或石膏板制作的木构架墙体、木楼盖和木屋盖系统。轻型木结构构件之间的连接主要采用钉连接，部分构件之间也采用金属齿板连接和专用金属连接件连接。轻型木结构具有施工简便、材料成本低、抗震性能好的优点。

Meanwhile, the project’s light wood frames attended to more private living spaces, ensuring a high level of comfort and an ability of flexible spatial separation.

The light wood frames mainly use a system of wood-frame walls, wood floors and roofs made with dimension lumber and structural wood-based panels or gypsum wall boards.

Light-frame structural wood components are mostly connected by nails, although some are also joined together by toothed metal-plate connectors and special metal connectors.

The light wood frames boast multiple advantages, being easy to build, low in costs, and strong in quake-resistance.

室内采用轻型木结构，light wood frames used in the interior

现代木结构建筑可以被理解为大型的“乐高玩具”，是一种装配式建筑。

In a way, modern wood structures can be viewed as a large-scale Lego toy, or a kind of refabricated construction.

▼木结构别墅A户型模型，Wood Structure Model for House A

装配式木结构建筑，在工厂可将基本单元制作成预制板式组件或预制空间组件，也可将整栋建筑进行整体制作或分段预制，再运输到现场后，与基础连接或分段安装建造。在工厂制作的基本单元，也可将保温材料、通风设备、水电设备和基本装饰装修一并安装到预制单元内，装配化程度很高。胶合木构件和轻型木结构均可以采用预制加工，实现更高的预制率和装配率。

其中，轻型木结构的预制基本单元主要有以下几类:1. 预制墙板：根据房间墙面大小将一片墙进行整体预制或分块预制成板式组件。预制墙板也分为承重墙体或非承重的隔墙。

2. 预制楼面板和预制屋面板：根据楼面或屋面的大小，将楼面搁栅或屋面椽条与覆面板进行整体连接，并预制成板式组件。

3. 预制屋面系统：根据屋面结构形式，将屋面板、屋面桁架、保温材料和吊顶进行整体预制，组成预制空间组件。

4. 预制空间单元：根据设计要求，将整栋木结构建筑划分为几个不同的空间单元，每个单元由墙体、楼盖或屋盖共同构成具有一定建筑功能的六面体空间体系。

The prefabricated wood structure refers to a process in which a building’s basic units are either fashioned into prefabricated panel components or prefabricated spatial components, or in which a building goes through whole-structure or sectional prefabrication, before the whole structure or the sections are transported onsite for connection with the foundation or assembled section by section. For basic units that are factory-prefabricated, insulation materials, ventilation facilities, water and electricity installations, and basic decorations can also be fitted for high levels of prefabrication. Both glulam structural wood components and light wood framess can be prefabricated, to achieve higher rates of prefabrication and assembly.

Among them, there are four types of prefabricated basic units for light wood frames:1. Prefabricated wallboards: in accordance with the room size, a wall can be prefabricated into one whole piece or sectional panel components. Prefabricated wallboards can be either load-bearing walls, or non-load bearing partition walls.

2. Prefabricated floor roof sheathing accordance with the size of the floor or roof, floor trusses or roof rafters can be wholly connected with sheathing panels to make prefabricated panel components.

3. Prefabricated roofing systems: in accordance with the roofing structural form, roof panels, roof trusses, insulation materials and ceilings can be wholly prefabricated to make prefabricated spatial components.

4. Prefabricated spatial units: in accordance with the design requirements, the whole wood-frame structure can be divided into several different spatial units, each forming a hexahedral spatial system of certain architectural functions together with walls, floors or roofs.

▼A户型结构剖面图，Section View for House A

从建筑面积最大的A户型剖面图不难看出，在现代木结构中，通过合理的设计和构造，加以借助现代的技术手段，可以扬长避短地发挥木材的特点和优势，例如专业防护、高温碳化处理、防火石膏板和消防设备等，这些都可以很好地解决人们对木材普遍的担忧，比如“易腐”“易燃”“不牢固”等，这在度假别墅所处的山区环境尤其重要。

此外，木结构保温节能，长期使用上有着长尾的经济效应。木材是优良的隔热材料，其热阻值是钢材的400倍，是混凝土或砖的10倍。在房屋使用过程中，环境条件相同情况下，木结构房屋的能耗比混凝土房屋低20%以上。相同墙体厚度，木结构墙体的保温性能是混凝土的7倍以上。且木构件质量轻，相同体量的构件木结构只有钢筋混凝土结构的1/4到1/6的重量，这对山居主题的度假酒店来说尤其重要，因为不会涉及过重的垂直运输负担。搭建快意味着可以快速投入使用，经济回本快。

From House Type A’s sectional view, which is the biggest of all three villas in terms of floor space, it’s easy to tell that within modern wood-frame structures, reasonable designing and structuring can make best use of lumber’s features and advantages, if they’re coupled with modern technological solutions such as professional protection, high-temperature carbonization treatment, fireproof plasterboards and fire-fighting equipment. These can all well address people’s common concerns for lumber, like perishability, inflammability and infirmness, which are of particular importance for the mountainous environment in which the villas are situated.

In addition, being heat-preserving and energy-saving, wood-frame structures boast long-tail economic effects for long-term use. Being a fine heat insulation material, lumber has a thermal resistance that is 400 times that of steel, and 10 times that of concrete or brick. When in use, given the same environmental conditions, wood-frame houses have an energy consumption that is at least 20% lower than that of concrete houses. When they have the same wall thickness, the thermal insulation property of wood-frame walls is over 7 times that of concrete.And structural wood components are light in weight – using the same dimension of structural components, a wood-frame structure weighs about 1/4 to 1/6 of a reinforced concrete structure, which is of particular importance to holiday resorts with a theme of mountain residence, because it won’t incur too heavy vertical transportation burdens. At the same time, fast erection also means fast put-into-use, and fast cost recovery.

▼建筑立面使用天然耐腐的加拿大西部红柏，Red Cedar used as facade material which is corrosion resistant

A户型——中式风格

House Type A – Chinese Style

A户型是其中建筑面积最大的一栋，建筑面积约215平方米，局部两层，位于用地最西侧，所在位置正好有一方原生的水塘，于是设计便只对水塘的局部一小块做了堆填，以便在放置别墅的基础上，尽可能保留水塘原来的样子；对于建设场地周边的很多原生植被以及天然景观，设计师都一一作了标记并给予尽可能的保护与尊重。

▼A户型外观，external view of House Type A

A户型为了营造东方的意境，特地在室内采用了大量高温碳化处理的黄桦木（yellow birch），黄桦细腻的纹理经过高温炉火的锤炼，透出自然的光泽和稳定耐久的性格。

To foster an oriental mood, a large amount of yellow birch, which went through high-temperature carbonization treatment, was applied to House Type A’s interior. Once tempered with high temperature, yellow birch’s delicate texture will shine with natural gloss and unbending properties.

▼庭院，与室内空间形成对话

courtyard, responding to the interior space

▼A户型平面图，plans

▼A户型立面图及剖面图，elevations and sections

B户型——日式风格

House Type B – Japanese Style

B户型也是一栋局部两层的别墅，主体结构形式和A户型保持一致，利用胶合木框架结构和轻型木结构的混合结构形式，打造了和式风格的田园方寸。建筑面积比A户型略小，约160平方米。

Also, being a partially two-story villa, House Type B has a main structure that’s the same as House Type A, a hybrid structural form that combines the glulam wood-frame structure and the light wood frames, to create a Japanese-style pastoral escape. It has a floor space of 160 square meters, slightly smaller than House Type A.

▼B户型外观，external view of House Type B

室内通过浅色的加拿大枫木，营造出自然而不造作的和式屋院。

With light-colored Canadian maple wood, a natural yet uncontrived Japanese residence and courtyard was thus fostered.

室内采用浅色加拿大枫木，light-colored Canadian maple wood used in the interior

除了木材的合理使用，在屋面瓦材的选择上，专门从日本进口了精美的烧制陶土和瓦。每当山间细雨朦胧，看着雨滴从陶瓦落下也是木别墅的别样体验。

In addition to the reasonable use of lumber, delicate Japanese-style pottery tiles were especially imported from Japan. Wherever a drizzle falls from above the mountains, it brings a different experience for the wood-frame villa as raindrops drip down from the pottery tiles.

▼日式庭院，屋瓦选用从日本进口的烧制陶土，Japanese style garden, the tiles were especially imported from Japan

▼B户型平面图，plans

▼B户型立面图，elevations

C户型——美式风格

House Type C – American Style

C户型相对于A户型和B户型而言，小巧而轻松，是一栋建筑面积约98平方米的单层别墅。各种不同产地和质地的木材在这里打造美式惬意。结构上基本采用胶合木框架结构与轻型木结构填充墙体。

▼C户型外观，external view of House Type C

▼庭院，courtyard

值得一提的是屋面瓦材的选择，项目选择了来自加拿大的西部红柏实木瓦材，西部红柏是一种天然耐腐且尺寸稳定性非常好的木材，在北美很多百年以上的土著图腾都是采用这种材料雕刻而成。因为屋面受到阳光的照射，紫外线会让木材发生老化而变成得灰白，犹如被岁月染霜的黑发，这种自然形成的斑驳和对时光的记忆，也是别墅希望能够带给居住者的一种关于生命、自然的体悟。

What’s worth mentioning is the villa’s choice of roofing tile materials. It used Canadian solid wood tile materials made of Western Red Cedar, which is a kind of lumber with natural decay resistance and very good dimensional stability, and it’s noteworthy that many of North America’s century-old aboriginal totems were just carved out of this material. With the roofing to directly receive sunlight, ultraviolet rays will gradually turn the lumber into an ashen look through an aging process, just like human hair whitened with the elapse of time. Such naturally-formed color patches, serving as memories of time, represent a kind of understanding about life and nature that the villa hopes to present to its occupants.

▼屋瓦采用加拿大细部红柏实木瓦材，Canadian solid wood tile used for the roof

▼C户型平面图，plan

▼C户型立面图及剖面图，elevations and sections

木材，环保可再生，设计可持续。

Wood – recyclable in terms of environmental protection and sustainable in terms of design

歌山凤凰谷木结构别墅，可以说是这句话的绝佳演绎：别墅所用所有木材来自于加拿大木业的合法林区，这些林区都严格遵循可持续发展策略，每一根材料从出厂到最后环节都可以有源可溯；木结构最初来自一颗小树苗，小树苗生长过程中大量吸收二氧化碳，放出氧气，每使用1m³的木材相当于固碳1吨，所以木结构本身就是一种负碳材料；木结构建筑在其生命周期的终章依然不会被浪费，90%建筑材料可以被循环利用，用作其他建筑材料或者作为能源燃烧。

可以说，木材的一生，与度假别墅想要讲述的亲近自然、认识自然的诉求完美契合，既有东方建筑的哲性美学，又有北美木构的舒适性能。登上别墅后山的木质观鸟台，听鸟儿与木头在凤凰谷的青山绿水间，生动轻柔地吟唱一曲关于自然的现代诗歌。

Nothing better describes the wood-frame villas at Mount Geshan’s Phoenix Valley than these:all lumber used on the villas came from Canada Wood’s legal logging areas, which strictly comply with sustainable development strategies and ensure full traceability for each piece of lumber from factory gate to eventual treatment;

starting from a sapling that will absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide and release oxygen during the growth process, wood-frame structures themselves are a kind of carbon-negative material, as each cubic meter of lumber used equals one ton of carbon sequestrated;

and even at the end of their first life, wood-frame structures will not be wasted, as 90% of its materials can be reused or recycled, used as materials for other buildings or burnt as an energy source.

In short, the life of lumber perfectly complements the holiday villas’ pursuit of getting up close to and understanding the Nature, bearing both the philosophical beauty of oriental architecture and the comfort properties of North American wood-frame structures.Ascending to the wooden bird-viewing platform atop the mountain behind the villas, you can easily listen to a modern poem that celebrates the Nature with gentle melodies from birds and wood, as you embrace the green mountains and crystal waters of the Phoenix Valley.

▼从木结构观鸟亭眺望景色，view from the wooden bird-viewing platform