德国弗莱堡市政厅，绿色园区内的能源盈余建筑

德国弗莱堡市政厅的一期工程已于近日完工，这座包含了行政办公中心以及日间托儿所的市政厅是全世界第一个达到“能源盈余”标准的公共建筑，它将为市政府部门的840名员工提供统一的办公场所，在此之前，这些员工们曾分布在城市中的16个不同区域。新的行政办公中心是市政厅扩建项目中的一部分，旨在从城市规划和设计方面来激活弗莱堡Stühlinger区的社区活力，同时在Eschholz公园和大学医院之间建立一条城市绿化带。ingenhoven建筑事务所落实了2013年全球方案竞赛中要求的开放且透明的原则，最终打造出了一个包含三座大楼及一个日间托儿所的“绿色园区”。

The new building of the first construction phase of the new town hall in Freiburg im Breisgau with its administration center and day nursery is the world’s first public building built to the net-surplus-energy standard and accommodates the 840 employees of the City Administration under one roof after they had previously been spread over 16 different sites throughout the city. The new administration center, which is part of the town hall extension for the City of Freiburg, is designed to provide a stimulus for upgrading the Stühlinger area of Freiburg in terms of town planning and urban design, and to provide a green belt link between Eschholz Park and the University Hospital. The winning entry by ingenhoven architects to the 2013 international architectural competition embodies the principles of openness and transparency and incorporates a “green campus” concept, in which three building tracts and a day nursery are combined.

▼建筑外观，exterior view

市政厅建筑被整合在Eschholz公园和大学医院之间的绿地上，周围的景观和公共道路网使两座建筑联系得更加紧密。通过拓宽Fehrenbachallee大街一侧的公共区域，场地中的空间得以打开，最终形成一座富有吸引力的城市广场。新建筑的主入口位于既有建筑的对面。二期工程将再建造一座椭圆形的建筑，作为政府部门的办公场所。

The ensemble of the new town hall buildings is integrated in the green space between Eschholz Park and the University Hospital—the linking effect is reinforced by vistas and a public pathway network. By increasing the public space at Fehrenbachallee, space has been opened up for a new address, thereby creating an attractive public city square. The main entrance to the new building is situated opposite the existing building. The second construction phase will create additional oval buildings providing workplaces for the City’s administration.

▼市政厅建筑被整合在Eschholz公园和大学医院之间的绿地上，the building ensemble of the new Town Hall integrates into the green space between Eschholzpark and the University Hospital

这座6层的新建筑替代了原先建于1960年代的政府大楼。位于建筑一层的市民服务中心是该项目的核心部分，其中包括会议室以及职员餐厅。上方楼层包含单人和双人办公室，以及宽敞的小组办公室，开敞式的桌面布局为来自不同部门的职员提供了办公空间。玻璃隔墙系统使办公室的平面布局变得灵活且具有可逆性。市政厅的内部路径被设计得透明而开放，令使用者能够容易地辨认方向；一些特别设计的空间则带来更多互动和交流的机会。

The heart of the new six-story building, which replaces a town hall pavilion from the 1960s, is the citizens’ service center with conference rooms, and staff restaurant on the first floor. The floors above include single and double offices, as well as large team offices with open-plan desk arrangements for the respective departments of the
City Administration. Thanks to a variable glazed partition wall system the plan layout of the offices is flexible and reversible. The routes through the town hall are designed in a transparent and open way, allowing easy orientation; there are several areas placed throughout the building that are designed to promote interaction and communication.

▼位于建筑一层的市民服务中心是该项目的核心部分，new Freiburg Town Hall with citizens service center on the ground floor

▼全世界第一个达到“能源盈余”标准的公共建筑，the world’s first public building built to the net-surplus-energy standard

两座新建筑有着令人印象深刻的外观：立面采用了当地的落叶松木。市政厅大楼的立面以纵向排布的、具有高隔热性能的光伏板模块构成。通高的立面结构能够使采光质量得到优化。圆形的托儿所大楼外部环绕着由细木条构成的栅格墙，带有阳台门的宽阔窗户以及位于二层的阳台通道构成了建筑的主要特征。门窗在提供采光和风景的同时，也成为通向建筑的直接路径。

The visual appearance of the two buildings is impressive—the facades feature locally sourced larch wood elements. The facade of the town hall has been constructed using staggered, vertically projecting modules with photovoltaic cells and high-quality thermal insulation. Story-high glazed facade elements are used to optimize the intake of daylight. The facade of the circular day nursery building features narrow strips of vertical timber cladding and large openings with balcony doors, as well as an access balcony at second floor level. The openings have been placed to provide daylight and vistas to the outside while also offering direct access to the building.

▼市政厅大楼的立面以纵向排布的、具有高隔热性能的光伏板模块构成， the facade of the town hall has been constructed using staggered, vertically projecting modules with photovoltaic cells and high-quality thermal insulation

▼立面上的光伏板能够产生建筑运行所需的能源，façade-integrated photovoltaic cells as a contribution to the energy supply of the building

▼日间托儿所可容纳90位小朋友，the nursery for about 90 children

▼由细木条构成的栅格墙，narrow strips of vertical timber cladding

▼弧形的阳台走廊，the circular construction with characteristic arcade

世界第一座“能源盈余”的公共建筑 | World’s first public net-surplus-energy building

弗莱堡市政厅建筑是世界上第一座“能源盈余”的公共建筑，其每年生产的能量要多于自身消耗的能量；多出来的能量会被用于城市的电网系统。基于严格的PassivHaus标准，市政厅大楼每年在空调、通风和热水供给方面的基本能源需求量仅为45kWh每平方米，仅为同类现代办公建筑能源需求量的40%。不仅是能源使用方面，该项目更贯彻了可持续性的原则。建筑师为之打造了具有针对性的技术解决方案，同时降低了运行成本。建筑可以通过吸水井和注水井、太阳能板以及热泵的结合使用来生成所需的热能；屋顶和立面的光伏板能够产生电能；地热装置用于制冷和制热。除此之外，热质量的激活装置还能为每间办公室带来可单独控制的制热系统。高效的热回收系统则被用于机械通风。

The new Freiburg Town Hall is the first net-surplus- energy building of this category worldwide. The building will generate more energy than it uses throughout the year; excess energy is fed into the city’s mains network. In accordance with the strict criteria of the PassivHaus standard, the primary energy demand of the town hall for heating, cooling, ventilation, and hot water supply is as low as 45 kWh per square meter per year—which is only forty percent of the primary energy demand of comparable modern office buildings. A special effort has been made to apply the principle of sustainability to the building as well as to the energy concept. The design relies on straightforward technical solutions that are economical to operate. The thermal energy required for the building is generated via suction and injection wells and thermal solar panels in combination with heat pumps, while electric energy is generated by photovoltaic panels on the roof and in the facade. The energy for cooling and heating is obtained from a geothermal installation. In addition, thermal mass activation is used for heating, which can be individually controlled in each office. The mechanical ventilation has been enhanced by highly efficient heat recovery.

▼市政厅大楼内的庭院，view into the green courtyard of the town hall with skylights

▼建筑每年生产的能量要多于自身消耗的能量，the building will generate more energy than it uses throughout the year

市民服务中心的新型办公模式 | New ways of working in the citizens’ service center

包含100名员工的市民服务中心为市民提供常规的咨询服务。所有的办公室和办公空间均位于一个平等的层级之中，在满足功能性和开放性的同时也保证了私密性和安全性。圆形的体量为空间赋予了宽敞而流畅的质感，宽阔的天窗带来了充足的阳光以及户外视野。白色天花板内的射灯呈不规则状排布，形成繁星点点的效果。咨询台被分为四个宽阔的圆岛，每个圆岛的中心都包含一个圆形的休息空间。弧形的桌面以同心圆的形式延伸，垂直的隔音板用于分隔空间。为了保证咨询台之间的私密性，设计师在此安装了160cm高的屏幕，同样与圆岛的形态相适宜。由柏林艺术家Schirin Kretschmann创作的壁画成为了服务中心室内空间的重心所在。明亮的材料和表面强调出透明与清晰；橙色和红色系则偶尔出现在家具设计当中。

The citizens’ service center with its 100 employees offers citizens general and advisory services. All offices and workplaces have been designed for functionality, openness, and working in a flat hierarchy, whilst providing privacy and security. Overall, the spaces appear generous and flowing thanks to their rounded shape, and ensure easy orientation. Large rooflights provide plenty of daylight and offer good vistas to the outside. The downlights in the white perforated ceiling panels have been arranged in seemingly random fashion to create the impression of a “star-studded night sky”. The advisory points are subdivided into four large rotundas, each of their centers being formed by a circular retreat room. The layout of the segmental arch-shaped desks follows a concentric pattern, with vertical acoustic panels used as dividers. To create privacy between adjoining advisory points, 160 cm high visual screens are installed that replicate the round design pattern of the rotundas. A piece of wall art by the Berlin artist Schirin Kretschmann in the midst of the spatial arrangement forms an omnipresent element and the “spine” of the space. Bright materials and surfaces underscore the impression of transparency and clarity; occasional color accents appear within the orange/red spectrum, particularly in the furniture design.

▼市民服务中心，the citizens’ service center

▼所有的办公室和办公空间均位于一个平等的层级之中，在满足功能性和开放性的同时也保证了私密性和安全性，all offices and workplaces were considered for functionality, openness as well as at hierarchical working planned by privacy and security

▼弧形的桌面带来流畅的空间体验，arch-shaped desks provide a flowing spatial experience

▼交通空间，circulation

▼平面图，plan

Project name: Town hall, Freiburg im Breisgau

Location: Fehrenbachallee 12, 79106 Freiburg

Type of project: Administration center and day nursery Construction period: 2014–2017

(international competition 2013, 1st prize)

GFA town hall: 24,215 m2

GFA day nursery: 1,900 m2

Client: City of Freiburg im Breisgau,

represented by Freiburg Property Management Department User: Freiburg City Administration

Architect: ingenhoven architects

ingenhoven architects team: Christoph Ingenhoven,

Hinrich Schumacher, Barbara Bruder, Rudolf Jonas,

Ursula Koeker, Bibiana Zapf

Site supervision: ingenhoven architects / Ernst2 Architekten Structural design: Mohnke Höss structural engineers

Fire protection: BPK Brandschutz Planung Klingsch, Düsseldorf Energy concept, photovoltaics,

and building services: DS-Plan

Lighting design: Tropp Lighting Design

Landscape design: ingenhoven architects /

BBS Landscape Engineering

Facade design: DS-Plan

Building physics: DS-Plan

Project management: Thost Projektmanagement

Interior design of special areas: ingenhoven architects Green Building certi cate: Sustainability guide,

V 2.0 by IWTI Net-surplus-energy building