苏黎世半透明吸烟亭

2016/10/24 19:45:07

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建筑介绍 Architectural Description

Gianni Botsford 建筑设计事务所接到景观建筑师Todd Longstaffe-Gowan的邀请，在苏黎世一处私人住宅的花园内设计了一个室外吸烟亭。人们可以在这个亭子里坐着休息并欣赏周围的花园，湖泊和山川。业主可以像回到了旧时光一样，在这里享受老派的吸烟艺术又不影响房子里居住的人。

We were invited by the Landscape Architect Todd Longstaffe-Gowan to design a ‘smoking pavilion’ within the garden of a private house in Zurich he was designing. This would be a shelter where it is possible to sit and relax and admire the surrounding garden, lake and mountains whilst our clients could partake of one of their favourite pastimes without affecting anybody in the house- the old fashioned art of smoking.

▼建筑外观，external view

建筑师意图设计一个简单的结构，使人们可以安静的坐在花园里享受吸烟的时光，同时希望应用一些丰富复杂的材质与周边的环境相呼应，并产生某种联系。

Our idea was to create a simple structure which would sit quietly in the garden, but possess a richness and complexity in its materiality which would develop several relationships with the surrounding.

▼ 半透明混凝土板，translucent concrete

建筑师想要为亭子设计了一个遮挡，但又可以时不时的瞥见花园的景观并享受阳光的照耀。建筑师于是把注意力集中在半透明混凝土这种材质上，这个材质十分适合吸烟亭的设计需求，它使周围的色彩，景观，光影甚至是活动都投射进了亭子内，人坐在亭子内就能感知外面的世界。

We wanted the pavilion to create a shelter, but at the same time allow a subtle perception of the garden and the sunlight. We have been aware of the existence of translucent concrete since it was first invented in 2001 and it felt like an appropriate material in this case, because it allowed the surrounding colors, shapes, movements and shadows to be perceived from the interior.

▼ 一支烟，一杯酒，一个惬意的午后时光，A cigarette, a glass of wine, a relax and sunshine afternoon.

半透明的混凝土墙使亭子变得生动活泼。随着日光的变化，半透明混凝土墙也产生由重到轻，透明到不透明的变化，在色彩上，时而多彩时而单一。它随着周围环境的变化而呼吸起伏。在夜晚，墙体和板子被灯光点亮，创造出一种轻盈的纤维感。

The translucent concrete allows the pavilion to be alive too. As the light conditions change in time, the surfaces change and vary from heavy to light, from solid to translucent, from monochromatic and uniform to varied and coloured. It breathes with the surroundings. In the night the walls and slabs are lit up creating a feeling of lightness and almost fabric-like quality.

▼ 白天的光影变化，sunshine shift during daytime

▼ 夜晚的光影斑驳，light and shadow at night

这是第一个建成的自承重半透明混凝土建筑。由GBA, Tall Engineers, Litracon 和 Hammerlein一起开发设计了适用于建筑的新系统，使用了一系列富于变化的半透明元件。为了避免次级结构的产生，预制板被精心的设计安装在结构之中。由于PMMA 透明元件的纹理非常密，因此浇筑的过程需要非常精细的操作，同样的不锈钢固定元件和面板也被精心的放置。材料最后看起来十分简单，但是其实需要高精度和先进的施工工艺。五面半透明的混凝土墙连接起来形成了吸烟亭的楼板，墙体和屋顶，界定了吸烟亭的空间。最终令人惊喜的是，这个看起来厚重坚硬的材料在建成后，传达出来一种飘渺和精致的感觉。

This is the first ever self-supporting translucent concrete building. A new system was developed with GBA, Tall Engineers, Litracon and Hammerlein, using a new variant of the translucent elements where the precast panels had to be very carefully engineered to structurally perform very efficiently to avoid a secondary structure. The casting was a delicate operation because of the very dense pattern of the PMMA translucent elements, the carefully positioned stainless steel reinforcement and the thinness of the panels. The final material looks very simple, but is in fact the result of highly precise and advanced engineering. The pavilion’s space is defined by five translucent precast concrete panels connecting floor, walls and roof, but the surprise lies in the effect of the structure and ones perception of a heavy and solid material becoming something both ethereal and delicate.

▼ 半透明混凝土细节，translucent concrete details

结构工程 TALL Engineers Structural Description

吸烟亭由五块预制钢筋混凝土板组成，每一块80毫米厚，面积为3.6m X 2.6m，重达1.8吨。这个混凝土是一种叫做Litracon pXL的特殊混凝土，是由一列列4毫米直径的透明亚克力杆排列而成的，光可以通过中心传统混凝土板。

The smoking pavilion is formed of 5 precast reinforced concrete panels, each just 80mm thick and up to 3.6m by 2.6m on plan and up to about 1.8 tonnes each in weight. The concrete is a special product called Litracon pXL which is made transparent by the introduction of an array 4mm diameter acrylic rods at centres that allow points of light to be transmitted through the concrete slabs.

混凝土板用小直径不锈钢钢筋加固，以确保嵌入纤薄覆盖层的钢筋不会被腐蚀。面板被吊起到相应的高度并通过榫卯的方式连接。屋顶由两侧的墙壁支撑，楼板由两条隐藏于边缘内的带状的基座悬挂支撑。

The concrete slabs were reinforced with small diameter stainless steel reinforcement to ensure low cover thicknesses to the embedded steel didn’t lead to corrosion. The panels were craned into place and joined with a dowelled connection system. The roof is supported along the sides on the walls but the floor slab is supported off two strip foundations set back from the edges and cantilevers past these to support the walls.

▼ 建造过程，Construction Process