山西西侯度古人类遗址 · 火的礼仪与驯服

西侯度遗址位于晋、陕、豫三省交界处山西省芮城县风陵渡镇，北望中条山，南望华山，西临黄河，是世界上最重要的史前人类活动考古点之一，也是第3批全国重点文物保护单位，60年前在此发现了人类最早用火的遗存，距今约180万年。

Xihoudu historical site is located at the junction of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan provinces. Mountain Zhongtiao to the north, Mountain Hua to the south, the site is close to the corner of the curving Yellow River. It is one of the most important archaeological sites of ancient human activities, where the remains of fire first used by human back to 1.8 million years ago, was founded in early 1960s. It was enlisted in the third group of the national key cultural relic sites.

▼项目鸟瞰，aerial view of the project

2019年山西省承办第二届全国青年运动会，并要求通过改造西侯度“人疙瘩岭”上已有的圣火广场以举办“二青会”圣火采集仪式。设计挑战是不能拆除现有的取火台、点火台及广场等设施。解决方案是用大地景观的手法把圣火广场和周边环境整合为一体，形成一个神奇的、灵性的、哲理的场所，用当代设计在这个独特地段上重新解释天人合一。

The 2nd Youth Games of the People’s Republic of China was to be hosted in Shanxi in 2019, and the former Xihoudu holy fire plaza was planned to be updated for the event. The challenge is to have a new design without dismantling the existing facilities. By integrating the holy fire plaza with its surroundings, we have created a mystical, spiritual and philosophical place, which reinterprets the traditional Chinese philosophy — man is an integral part of the nature.

▼分解轴测图，exploded axonometric

▼广场与周边景观融合在一起，integrate the plaza with its surroundings

▼圣火广场与原文物陈列馆、村庄的关系，relationship between the plaza, the original Cultural Artifacts Exhibition Gallery and the village

极短的工期和恶劣的严寒条件倒逼出仿本地生土的GRC材料的创意性运用，材料上以当地黄土为对标样本，采用宝贵石艺的仿土装饰混凝土，协调了文物本体与环境的自然关系。

The extremely short construction period and the severe cold weather condition have forced the creative usage of GRC to mimic the local soil, in order to make the design blend into the Loess Plateau as an integral whole.

▼仿土混凝土与周边环境相协调，GRC mimicking the soil to blend into the environment

新规划的圣火公园用“火的发现”，“火的礼仪”和“火的驯服”三个连贯叙事，赋予人疙瘩岭新的人文与自然体验。

A new holy fire park is planned without disturbing the archaeological stratum. “Discovery of fire”, “Rite of fire” and “Conquest of fire” constitute a trilogy for the narrative of the fire in the human civilization.

▼山洞入口，entrance of the cave

参观从原文物陈列馆开始，拾级来到半山腰的山顶体验展示厅，通过深长的山洞将观众从现代场景中脱离出来，带入到原始质朴的境界。原取火台结构保留，外观重新设计，并被包裹在山洞中，用光营造出洞里神秘的氛围。

Visit begins from the original Cultural Artifacts Exhibition Gallery at the hill foot. The entrance of the mountaintop experience exhibition hall is located in the middle of the hill. The deep cave leads the visitors away from the modern setting into a primitive space-time. The former fire seed collecting terrace structure is still reserved with new surface finish, and it is wrapped by the cave with mysterious natural lights.

▼重新包裹的原取火台，renovated fire seed collecting terrace

▼山顶体验展示厅中粗犷的材质与阳光，mountaintop experience exhibition hall with rough material and sun light

“火的发现”是开天辟地的人类文明宣言，鬼斧神工的“一线天”剖切，意喻着人类做为盗火者与动物的彻底脱离。通过推算太阳高度角与建筑的轴线角度，使得“二青会”圣火采集中取到圣火的时刻，太阳光角度与“一线天”正好重合。

The discovery of fire is a groundbreaking milestone in the human civilization. This historical moment is illustrated with a beam of light cutting through the cave which delivers the heaven “fire” to the human beings. The angle between the solar altitude and the building axis is calculated for the time of the flame gathering, so as to make an eye-catching moment that the angle of sunlight is to be exactly overlapped with the “slot view of sky” at that time.

▼山顶体验展厅中的一线天，“slot view of sky” in the mountaintop experience exhibition hall

火使人类从露天进入穴居，声音也从呼喊变为细语和絮语。以埙为原型设计声音装置，让音腔打通洞穴内外，声场连接天空与大地，成为人们诉说的场所与容器。

Fire enables human beings to live indoors, and tunes their shouts into whispers. The acoustic installation is designed based on the Chinese Ocarina – XUN, and makes the sound pierce through the caves to connect the heaven with the earth.

▼声音装置，acoustic installation

▼山顶体验展厅声音装置上部，upper part of the acoustic installation in the mountaintop experience exhibition hall

“火的礼仪”广场上的看台利用了从原圣火广场拆除的大块砂岩，借用周围地形特征，围绕原红色点火台，形成了观看周边景色的层层观景台。这里也是 “岳渎相望（‘岳’指华山，‘渎’指黄河）”的最佳观看点。

The stands on the “Rite of fire” square recycle the material of the former holy fire plaza built in 2016, and their configuration refers to the surrounding topographic features. These stands form a perfect viewing platform for the surrounding sceneries of Mountain Hua and the Yellow River.

▼观景台，sight viewing platform

本工程还治理了西侧在2016年的工程的建筑垃圾堆砌场，用沟壑的形式最小限度地投入工程量，既恢复了自然景观，又形成了一个迷宫般的路径，象征着在人类在“火的驯服”史上文明的艰难旅程。这里将是未来的开放的露天博物馆。北侧巷道的端头自然形成五个挑台，眺望壮观的黄土高原，体会粗犷的考古场地，欣赏美丽的花椒树林。

This project also managed to recover the west of the site from the junk yard left by the former construction. This is executed by digging trenches to minimize the job load for restoring the natural landscape. This creates a mazy path symbolizing a tough journey of human beings for the “Conquest of Fire”. In the future, this place will become an open museum. The ends of the trenches naturally form five cantilever platforms, overlooking the spectacular Loess Plateau, rugged archaeological site and beautiful Sichuan Pepper field.

▼核桃树下迷宫般的巷道，mazy path under the walnut trees

▼北侧挑出的观景台，cantilevered viewing platform at the northern side

重新设计的圣火广场质朴自然，充满神秘，把参观者带入到原始情景中，体验黄河最壮阔的一段风景，以及中国最有世界影响力的一段考古圣地。同时，作为“二青会”的圣火采集地，在我国当代体育史上留下了值得记忆的一页。

The redesigned holy fire plaza is modest, natural and mysterious, bringing visitors into a primitive scene to experience the grandest part of the Yellow River and one of the most influential archaeological sites in China. At the same time, being the holy fire lit place of the 2nd Youth Games of the People’s Republic of China, it is remembered in the contemporary sports history of China.

▼ 傍晚从洞口看洞内的声音装置，view to the acoustic installation from the entrance of the cave in the dusk

▼ 一线天夜景，night view of the “slot view of sky”

▼平面图，plans

▼剖面图，sections

▼细部，details

项目地点：山西芮城

建设单位：芮城县政府

设计时间：2018.6-2018.10

建设时间：2018.11-2019.3

用地面积：11,056㎡

建筑面积：980㎡

主持建筑师：王辉

项目策动：李雅丽

建筑&景观设计团队: 王坤 李永才 汪蕾 高子絮

艺术顾问：牟森| 马原驰 梅悦子

结构设计：HJI/荷捷顾问 | 李永明 赵艳国

施工图配合: 大连新华兴建筑设计有限公司

施工方：山西西建集团有限公司（总包），北京宝贵石艺科技有限公司（饰面材料），北京华韵园林工程有限公司（内饰面施工）

摄影师：曹百强 曾天培

Project Location: Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province

Client: The Government of Ruicheng County

Design Period: 2018.6-2018.10

Construction Period: 2018.11-2019.3

Site Area: 11,056㎡

Floor Area: 980㎡

Principal Architect: Wang Hui

Team: Li Yali, Wang Kun, Li Yongcai, Wang Lei, Gao Zixu

Collaborators:

Art Consultant: Mou Sen | Ma Yuanchi, Mei Yuezi;

Structural Design: H&J International | Li Yongming, Zhao Yanguo

Contractors: Shanxi Xijian Group Co., Ltd. (General Contractor), Beijing Baogui Stone Art & Scientific and Technological Co.,Ltd. (GRC Supplier), Beijing Huayun Garden Engineering Co., Ltd (Interior Finish)

Photographers: Cao Baiqiang, Zeng Tianpei