河源市中小学科普教育馆 | 创新型 STEAM 教育的实践空间

当下，未来教育与未来中小学校成为教育界和建筑界一个热点话题，目前也产生出一批阶段性成果。新型的教学成果会对教学空间提出新的要求，以典型的STEAM教育为例，新型的教学特点主要体现为跨学科、协作性、趣味性、体验性与情景性。这些特点则要求教学空间具有开放性、灵活性、多样性与情景性，以此适应教学需求。而河源市中小学科普教育馆就是团队在此方面的一个实验性案例。

At present, future education and future primary and secondary schools have become a hot topic in the field of education and architecture. A number of phased achievements have been produced. The new teaching results make new requirements for the teaching space. Taking the typical STEAM education as an example, the new teaching features are mainly interdisciplinary, collaborative, interesting, experiential and situational. These characteristics require the teaching space to be open, flexible, diverse and situational, so as to meet the needs of teaching. The Heyuan Museum of Popular Science Education for K-12s is an experimental case of the team in this field.

▼项目视频，Video

1、项目定位

Project positioning

河源市中小学科普教育馆位于既有校园内，建筑面积3577㎡。建筑规模虽小，但具有示范性、标杆性和专题性特点。首先，本项目受到省政府的大力支持，提出要将本项目打造为国内一流的高质量科普教育馆，作为省中小学科普教育示范工程，供全市乃至全省中小学生参观学习。其次，当下针对中小学人群服务的小型科普馆极少，本项目的建设可为今后类似的场馆建设提供经验参考。最后，本项目的小规模条件很难实现综合性展览，主要定位于专题性科普。后续建设的场馆科普主题由各个学校根据自身的教学课题、展示内容等情况因地制宜，形成特色，使每个场馆都独一无二，避免简单的复制。

The Heyuan Museum of Popular Science Education for K-12s is located in the existing campus, with a construction area of 3577 square meters. Although the scale of the building is small, it has the characteristics of demonstration, bench-marking and special-themed. First of all, with the strong support of the provincial government, this project proposes to build the project into a first-class high-quality popular science education museum in China. As a demonstration project of popular science education in primary and secondary schools in the province, it serves for the primary and secondary school students in the whole city and even the whole province. Secondly, there are very few small popular science pavilions for primary and secondary schools, thus the construction of this project can provide experience and reference for the construction of similar venues in the future. Finally, the small-scaled project are hard to achieve a comprehensive exhibition, mainly focusing on thematic science popularization. The theme of popular science in the subsequent construction of venues is decided by each school according to its own teaching topics, display content and other conditions, with distinctive and unique characteristics and avoiding simple replication.

▼全校区鸟瞰图，Aerial view of the school area

基于定位，设计团队认为，本项目除了满足学生的科普教育之外，还应在其他时段成为所在学校新型教学方式的开展场所，以提高场馆的利用率。因此，场馆的设计除了满足博览建筑的要求之外，更应与当下的教育发展新特点相适应，与所在学校的新型教学需求相适应，打造为常规学校空间之外的“非正式课堂”。

Based on such positioning, the design team believes that this project should not only meet the needs of students’ popular science education, but also become a place for the development of new teaching methods in campus in other time, so as to improve the utilization rate of venues. Therefore, the design of the venue should not only meet the requirements of the Expo building, but also adapt to the new characteristics of the current education development, the new teaching needs of the school, and create an “informal classroom” outside the conventional space in school.

▼顶视图，Top view

2、功能整合，提升效率

Functional integration to improve efficiency

建筑规模较小，若每个空间均定义使用性质，并没有太多房间，使用率反而较低。设计根据当代教育与展览发展最新趋势，将整个场馆分为两大功能区：相对独立密闭的科普观摩区和开放教学区。前者主要包含观摩展厅，后者则十分灵活，没有人为定义空间性质，由后期师生根据教学需要自行重组。

The scale of the building is small. And there are not too many rooms if each space is defined by the nature of use, which will also made the utilization rate lower. According to the latest development trend of contemporary education and exhibition, the whole venue is divided into two functional areas: a relatively independent and closed science viewing area and an open teaching area. The former mainly includes the viewing exhibition hall, while the latter is very flexible, with no certain definition of the nature of space. So teachers and students can reorganize it according to the needs of teaching later.

▼ 微透乳白的外墙板，Microtransparent opalescent outer wall panel

▼ 从图书馆望向科普馆，Viewing the Science Museum from the library

3、双轨路径，立体流线

Double track path and three dimensional streamline

常规展览流线主要是平面线性的，而面对本项目小规模的前提，平面流线会被楼层所打断，削弱参观连续性。设计将流线设置为立体多维，并处理为两个参观序列。参观者从首层两个不同的入口开始参观，沿着各自流线参观完毕之后再通过垂直交通到达对方流线的起始，进而完成完整的科普观摩。类似空间双螺旋结构的流线设计可实现两股人流同时参观又互不干扰，提升参观效率。

▼建筑生成，Generation diagram

The streamline of the conventional exhibition is mainly plane linear, but in the face of the small-scale premise of this project, the plane streamline will be interrupted by the floor, weakening the continuity of the visit. Thus, the design sets the streamline as multi-dimensional and makes it as two visiting sequences. Visitors start from two different entrances on the first floor, visit along their respective streamline, and then go through vertical traffic to the beginning of each other’s streamline. Finally, a complete popular science visit is finished. The streamline design similar to the spatial double helix structure can realize two streams of people visiting at the same time without interfering with each other, thus improving the visiting efficiency.

▼北侧入口，North entrance

▼户外平台与外墙板，Outdoor terrace and exterior wall panels

▼外立面细节，Facade details

4、流线空间，合一表达

Streamlined space and unified expression

功能分区和流线设计的特征，随即反映到空间形式上。整个建筑为一个方盒子，除去两条封闭的、盘旋而上的科普展厅之外，剩下的部分即为公共开放的教学空间。流线组织塑造空间特征，空间形式反映流线组织。立面设计也以微透的聚碳酸酯板全覆盖，并在主要空间处开口，立面形式反映空间特征。

The characteristics of functional zoning and streamline design are immediately reflected in the spatial form. The whole building is a square box. Except for two closed and hovering popular science exhibition halls, the rest of the building is a public open teaching space. Streamline organization shapes the spatial characteristics, and spatial form reflects streamline organization. The facade design is also fully covered with micro-penetrating polycarbonate panels, with openings in the main space. The facade form reflects the space characteristics.

▼共享架空层，Shared ground floor level

▼地面标识系统 ，Sign system of the ground floor

▼中庭，Atrium

▼联系不同标高的钢楼梯，Steel stairs that connects different floors

▼中庭细部，Details of the atrium

▼自然光进入室内，Natural light filters in the room

▼通透的置物架，Transparent shelving

5、多元空间，适应教学

Multi-space available to teaching

除了科普观摩展厅之外，开放教学空间类型多样，形式多元。在空间形式上，大小空间套叠，集小组讨论与制作、大群阶梯聚集与交流为一体。在空间尺度上，错层、跃层的处理产生出多样的空间尺度。整个空间具有极强适应性，促使教学行为随时随地发生。

In addition to the popular science viewing exhibition hall, the open teaching space is of various types and forms. In the form of space, the sizes of the space overlap, making the small group discussion and production, large group ladder gathering and communication as a whole. On the spatial scale, the design of staggered layer and jump layer produces a variety of spatial scales. The whole space has strong adaptability, which makes the teaching behavior available to occur anytime and anywhere.

▼ 不同标高处的教学行为，Learing scenes at different levels

▼小组讨论空间，Group discussion space

▼空间之间利用高差分隔，Spaces are separated by a height difference

▼大群组阶梯教室，Large group lecture hall

▼创客区，Workshop

6、节能低碳，示范标杆

Demonstration benchmark of energy-saving and low-carbon

低碳环保是设计一直贯彻的理念，并在方案前期就咨询相关专业公司进行设计。建筑中庭上方设置天窗，在保证室内稳定的物理环境下，可开启窗扇产生自然拔风效果，利于节能减排。外立面采用聚碳酸酯板，不仅具有良好的遮阳效果，还使室内光线变得十分柔和，满足教学需要。同时在立面板材上沿着开放空间开设通风洞口，以降低空调能耗。此外，设计积极采用当下成熟的绿色技术，如光伏板、小型风力发电、温变玻璃等装置，充分利用可再生能源，力争打造“零碳建筑”。本项目也获得了由中国建筑节能协会颁发的《近零能耗建筑》标识。

Low-carbon and environmental-friendly is the concept that the design has always adhered to, and we consulted relevant professional companies in order to achieve such design in the early stage of the project. A skylight is set above the atrium of the building, which can open the window sash to produce a natural ventilation effect in a stable indoor physical environment, and is conducive to energy saving and emission reduction. The facade uses polycarbonate board, which not only has a good shading effect, but also makes the indoor light very soft to meet the needs of teaching. At the same time, ventilation holes are set along the open space on the facade plates to reduce air conditioning energy consumption. In addition, the design actively adopts mature green technology, such as photovoltaic panels, small wind power generation, thermal glass installation, making full use of renewable energy, and striving to create a “zero-carbon building”. This project has also received the “Near-zero Energy Consumption Building” logo issued by China Building Energy Efficiency Association.

▼直通屋面的钢楼梯，Steel staircase leading to the roof

▼中庭仰视， Looking up to the skylight

7、设备教材，拓展教学

Equipment as teaching materials to expand teaching

设计秉持“整个建筑都是展品”的理念，除空间外，还将设备管线、构造节点等内容对学生开放，成为科普内容的拓展。室内天花各类设备管线直接裸露，打造沉浸式学习环境；屋顶空调、绿色技术设备成为设备科普区，营造特色科普场所。

The design adheres to the concept of “the whole building is an exhibit”. In addition to the space, the equipment pipelines and structural nodes are also open to students, which is an expansion of the science popularization content. All kinds of equipment pipelines indoor are directly exposed, creating an immersive learning environment. Roof-top air conditioning and green technology equipment become equipment science popularization area, as a special science popularization place.

▼天窗，Aerial view of the skylight

8、屋顶花园，室外课堂

Roof garden as outdoor classroom

设计充分利用屋顶空间，打造室外课堂与室外展场。屋面设置参观步道、植物园、建筑设备区、公共活动区，将学习行为延伸至室外。

The design makes full use of the roof space to create an outdoor classroom and outdoor exhibition space. The roof is equipped with a walking path, botanical garden, construction equipment area and public activity area, which extends the learning behavior to the outdoors.

▼屋顶活动平台，Roof platform

后记

Postscript

该馆虽已建成，但其实却仍处于、也将一直处于“未完工”状态。正如本项目是团队的一次实验性探索，使用方式也是学校育人方式的尝试。团队希望这个场馆作为所在学校新型课程设置与教学方式的实验基地，新的想法在这里实验，行之有效之后再带入到常规课程的教学之中，以此形成良性循环。

Although the museum has been completed, it is still and will always be in an “ongoing establishing” state. Just as this project is an experimental exploration of the team, the way of use is also an attempt of the school’s way of educating students. The team hopes that this museum will serve as an experimental base for the school’s new curriculum and teaching methods, where new ideas will be experimented, which will be then brought into the teaching of conventional courses, so as to form a virtuous circle.

▼黄昏中的科技馆，Dusk view

▼总平面图，Master plan

▼一层平面图，Ground floor plan

▼二层平面图，Second floor plan

▼三层平面图，Third floor plan

▼四层平面图，4th floor plan

▼屋面平面图，Roof plan

▼剖面图，Section

项目名称：河源市中小学科普教育馆

Heyuan Museum of Popular Science Education for K-12s

设计单位：华南理工大学建筑设计研究院有限公司，陶郅工作室

Architectural Design & Research Institute of SCUT Co.,LTD ,TaoZhi Studio

地点：广东省河源市河源高级中学校内

业主:河源市教育局

设计时间:2021年

竣工时间:2022年

基地面积:2098㎡

建筑面积: 3577.51㎡

设计总负责：邓寿朋

主创建筑师：苏笑悦

设计团队：

建筑：陈果，雷孔雾，黄欣，程姝颖，戴雅靖 
结构：唐嘉敏，赖洪涛，彭秀钟，黄勇，梁岳琳，尹盈
给排水：岑洪金，江帆，钟文勇
电气：黄晓峰，陈涛，叶映

空调：王钊，程国珍，苏鹤阳
弱电：黄晓峰，陈卫彬，黄志炜，苏瑞昌

景观：陈天宁
节能：张欣欣

资料整理：于文才

摄影版权:EVI鹰视印象（谭浩贤），邓阳阳

图纸及分析图版权：华南理工大学建筑设计研究院有限公司，陶郅工作室

建设单位：河源市政府代建项目管理局

施工单位：河源市晨晖建设工程有限公司
近零能耗设计顾问：珠海中建兴业绿色建筑设计研究院有限公司（邓鑫）
室内设计顾问：广州中颐装饰设计有限公司（黄小青，林博凯，黄勤智）
布展设计顾问：广州市三川田文化科技股份有限公司（王钦明，邓阳阳，朱灵灵，张文泉，孔令涛）
外墙设计顾问：广州市珀丽优材料科技有限公司（杨海军，谭乐）

温变玻璃顾问：中山市中佳新材料有限公司

结构形式:钢筋混凝土框架结构+钢结构

建筑材料：聚碳酸酯板、玻璃、温变玻璃、钢材