CIABÒT 小屋扩建翻新，意大利 / STUDIO ELLISE

Ciabòt小屋广泛分布在Alta Langa地区，传统上被农民用于从事农业相关活动。他们通常由一个单独的功能单元组成，一般有两层楼。在Alta Langa，一种紧实的砂岩和石灰岩被广泛用于各种建筑的露台、屋顶和墙壁，无论是公共建筑还是宗教建筑，无论是乡村建筑还是城市建筑，都采用了类似的材料技术。虽然构造很简单，ciabòt小屋可以说是吸取了该地区建筑特点和技术的最小构筑单元。

The ciabòt are small units, spread all over Alta Langa, traditionally used by farmers for activities related with agriculture. They typically consist of a single functional cell, often with two floors. In Alta Langa the ston, a compact sandstone and limestone, it is used both for the terraces and for the roofs and walls of all buildings, both public and religious, both rustic and civil, with similar techniques. Despite their simplicity, the ciabòt can be considered as the minimum unit of construction in the territory, from which they take building characteristics and technologies.

▼隐于树林中的建筑，building hidden in the forest

介入性恢复设计的目标是对建筑进行保守修复，尊重当地传统，并对环境造成最小的影响: 使用当地资源如石头和栗木，使用对环境影响较小的材料如意大利土产生石灰、大麻板和木纤维隔热材料，以及在建造和使用阶段减少能源消耗。

The intervention of functional recovery has as its objective the conservative restoration of the building with respect for the local traditions and with minimum impact on the environment: use of local resources, such as stone and chestnut wood, materials with a low environmental impact such as hydraulic lime from Italian origins, panels of hemp and wood fibre for insolation and the minimum consumption of energy in both construction and use phases.

▼远观小屋， view of ciabòt and extension from distance

▼小屋东立面， east facade of the building

需要较强技术性改造的功能区，例如厨房和卫生设施，与旧有设施不太兼容，所以它们需要被整合入扩建部分。扩建的部分尊重原有建筑的比例和结构原则，将自己定位在现有建筑的东立面上，这正符合当地理想的传统扩建方式，即沿着建筑的山墙面向外延长侧翼。扩建部分使用了日本“烧杉板”技术，即用火焰将木材表面烧焦，然后用油密封。这种技术被应用于包覆板材，既满足审美与加强保护的需求，又得以避免使用工业化学涂料或浸渍剂。

The functions that require a strong technological adaptation, such as the kitchen and hygienic services, are not so compatible with the pre-existence, so they are integrated in an extension. The extension respects the proportions and constructive principles of the original building, positioning itself on the East elevation of the existent construction following the ideal practice of the local traditions of extending the wing of one of the shortest facades. The Japanese technique of “shou sugi ban,” by which the surface of the wood is charred by burning it with a flame and then sealed with oil, was used for the extension. Applied to the cladding boards, it fulfilled the need to enrich it aesthetically and protect it further, without employing industrial chemical paints or impregnants.

▼不同角度的外观， exterior look of the building from different view

具体来说，在原有ciabòt小屋上进行的工程包括:

-对屋顶进行彻底维护，修复轻微的变形，建造板材和防水层。

-重新安装原有的可装卸表皮及内部保温层;

-在一楼建造通风管道空间和全新石头地面;

-将东立面的一扇窗户改造成一扇门，以通向新扩建部分;

-在不影响石墙完整性的情况下建造电力系统;

-用生石灰砂浆填充石墙缝隙;

-将现有窗户更换为镀铜/蚀刻钢架并装有双层玻璃的单扇门。

-置入一个连接上下层的小型内部楼梯。

In particular, the works to realize on the ciabòt consist on:

– Extraordinary maintenance of the roof with revision of the small warp and construction of a board and waterproofing layer.

-Relocation of original loose-leaf coat and internal insulating layer;

– Construction of ventilated crawl space and new stone flooring on the ground floor;

– Transformation of the window on the East facade into a door to obtain a new access to the extension;

– Construction of the electrical system without affecting the integrity of the stone walls;

– Filling the gaps of the stone walls with hydraulic lime mortar;

– Replacement of the existing windows with a bronzed/etched steel frame equipped with a double-glazing single door.

– Laying of a small internal staircase that connects the two floors.

▼增建部分一层露台， gorund floor terrace of the extension

▼修复后的小屋与使用烧杉板的扩建部分细部， detail of renovated ciabòt and extension with the use of “shou sugi ban”

扩建部分的工程包括:

-进行土方作业以匹配地面高度，现场挖掘并浇筑钢筋混凝土地基;

-安装木质支撑结构;

-实现垂直和水平方向的外围护覆盖并填充木纤维保温层;

-建造和安装镀铜/蚀刻钢框架双层玻璃单扇门。

-连接、建造液压和电气系统;

-兴建污水处理系统;

-安装栗木板立面包络;

-室内装修工程。

Works for the construction of the extension:

– Excavations and earthmoving to obtain the coplanarity of the ground, excavation and casting of reinforced concrete foundation curbs on site;

– Realization of the wooden supporting structure;

– Realization of vertical and horizontal coverage and infill with wood fiber insulating layer;

– Construction and installation of bronzed/etched steel frame equipped with a double-glazing single door.

– Connection and construction of the hydraulic and electrical system;

– Construction of wastewater disposal system;

– Realization and installation of facade cladding in chestnut boards;

– Interior finishing works.

▼原有小屋部分室内概览， interior overall view of ciabòt

▼全新修复的室内与新置入的小型楼梯， newly restored interior with newly inserted small staircase

▼厨房细部，detail of the kitchen

▼卫生间细部，detail of the toilet

▼从二层阳台望向树林，view of forest looking from balcony of the extension

Design and DL – studio ellisse architetti

Structural calculationIng – Enzo Chiale

Soil analysis – Dr Marco Frasca

Wood carpentry – Walter Patella and Merlino Zeldenthuis

Building contractor – Giovanni Bertola

Photo – Fabio Oggero