南通植物园温室 | 轻舟造型，四季花卉展示

好的植物园能为我们提供全面了解当地植物的窗口，在不同的季节它还是一处绝佳的赏景之处，成为代表城市的一张名片。

A good botanical garden can provide us with a window to comprehensively understand the local plants. In different seasons, it is also an excellent scenic spot and a business card representing the city.

▼视频，Video

项目背景

Project background

南通植物园位于狼山风景区内，温室是植物园的核心景观名片和游览节点，承载着地域植物和特色植物的收集展示、游览互动、科普教育等功能。

Nantong botanical garden is located in Langshan Scenic Area. The greenhouse is the core landscape card and tour node of the botanical garden, carrying the functions of collection and display of regional plants and characteristic plants, tour interaction, popular science education and so on.

▼区位分析，Location

国外建设温室的历史悠久，现存最早的铸铁玻璃温室——巴黎植物园，始建于1626年。我国温室起步较晚，进入21世纪后，以中科院华南植物园温室为代表的一大批大型展览温室，随着各地植物园的建设应运而生。近年来，主题温室逐渐成为“微度假”空间，商业、办公空间的跨界新宠。

Foreign countries have a long history of building greenhouses. The earliest existing cast iron glass greenhouses, the Paris botanical garden, was founded in 1626. Greenhouses in China started relatively late. After entering the 21st century, a large number of large-scale exhibition greenhouses represented by the greenhouses in the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences came into being with the construction of botanical gardens around the world. In recent years, the theme greenhouse has gradually become a new cross-border favorite of “micro vacation” space, commercial and office space.

▼项目外观，Exterior view

▼鸟瞰图，Aerial view

项目难点

Project difficulties

作为植物园中最瞩目的建筑，造型上需具有一定的昭示性。同时建筑要满足科普展示的需求以及植物生长对物理空间高度、温度、湿度的需求。如何在满足结构和空间合理性的基础上，同时满足人们对审美的追求，打造不一样的观赏体验，成为设计团队重点关注的问题，并希望通过设计反映出南通特有的城市气质，绘制出“江海联动，千帆竞发”的生态蓝图。

As the most eye-catching building in the botanical garden, the shape needs to be obvious. At the same time, the building should meet the needs of popular science exhibition and the needs of plant growth for physical space height, temperature and humidity. On the basis of meeting the rationality of structure and space, how to meet people’s pursuit of aesthetics and create a different viewing experience has become a key concern of the design team, and hopes to reflect Nantong’s unique urban temperament through the design, and draw an ecological blueprint of “river sea interaction, thousands of sails competing”.

▼南通植物园温室是植物园的核心景观名片和游览节点，The greenhouse is the core landscape card and tour node of the botanical garden

设计概念

Design concept

狼山风景区坐落于长江边，唐代高僧鉴真第三次东渡日本曾在狼山停留避风。简和建筑以“轻舟”为设计切入点，建筑造型中间低，两头高，在中间划出一道完美的弧线，恰似一叶扁舟；“渔网”般的表皮，将结构框架编织在一起，近看让人联想到渔翁的“斗笠”和张开的“渔网”，远观结构消隐了，只看到鱼鳞般的表皮在水面的倒影下闪闪发光。

Langshan Scenic Spot is located by the Yangtze River. The eminent monk Jianzhen of the Tang Dynasty once stayed in Langshan to take shelter from the wind during his third eastward trip to Japan. Jianhe architecture takes “light boat” as the design starting point. The architectural shape is low in the middle and high at both ends. A perfect arc is drawn in the middle, just like a boat; The “fishing net” like skin weaves the structural framework together. A close look reminds people of the fisherman’s “hat” and the open “fishing net”. From a distance, the structure disappears, and only the fish scale like skin glitters under the reflection of the water surface.

▼恰似一叶扁舟，The boat-like volume

场地与造型

Site and shape

温室面积只有3200平方米，规模较小。然而与常规单个温室只摆放一个气候区植物不同的是，本温室需要同时容纳热带雨林区、鲜花展示区、沙生、多肉植物展示区。如果进一步划分空间则每个馆面积过小，在同一个空间则难以同时满足不同植物对湿度的要求。

The greenhouse area is only 3200 square meters, and the scale is small. However, unlike the conventional single greenhouse, which only places plants in one climate area, this greenhouse needs to accommodate tropical rainforest area, flower display area, Sandy and succulent plant display area at the same time. If the space is further divided, the area of each hall is too small, and it is difficult to meet the humidity requirements of different plants in the same space at the same time.

▼生成分析图，Diagram

为回应以上问题，设计团队采用 “马鞍”型屋顶，两端高起的是气候差异较大的雨林区和沙生植物区，中间较矮的部分是作为过渡的四季花卉区。通过屋顶的变化，减少不同湿度空气的流动，起到隐性的“屏障”作用。

In response to the above problems, the design team adopted a “saddle” roof. The rainforest area and desert plant area with large climate differences rise at both ends, and the shorter part in the middle is the transitional four season flower area. Through the change of the roof, reduce the flow of air with different humidity, and play a hidden “barrier” role.

▼平面分区图，Layout plan

▼气候分区图，Climate diagram

建筑屋顶最低点高度为3米，屋脊中线高度16米，最高点20米，在这个高度区间内，既能满足大部分植物的生长空间，也不会因为屋面太高造成暖空气聚集，能源浪费。

The height of the lowest point of the building roof is 3 meters, the height of the middle line of the ridge is 16 meters, and the height of the highest point is 20 meters. In this height range, it can not only meet the growth space of most plants, but also avoid warm air accumulation and energy waste because the roof is too high.

▼屋顶沿着屋脊线发生“扭转”，The roof is “twisted” along the ridge line

屋脊线是一段正圆弧，沿四边形对角线的方向展开。在内部空间的设计上，建筑师采用 “螺旋线“主题创造 “螺旋变化”的空间体验——屋顶沿着屋脊线发生“扭转”，逐渐从屋面过渡到立面，空间的维度被这种扭转打破，正如生命从简到繁不断生长的过程。

▼螺旋线生物-建筑剖面的扭转线条，The theme of spiral line

The ridge line is a positive arc extending along the diagonal of the quadrilateral. In the design of internal space, architects use the theme of “spiral line” to create a spatial experience of “spiral change” – the roof is “twisted” along the ridge line, and gradually transitions from the roof to the facade. The dimension of space is broken by this twist, just like the process of life growing from simplicity to complexity.

▼屋面近景，The roof

流线与空间

Streamline and space

室内流线借 “峰回路转”的造园手法，通过人造山体打造室内地形。地面的主园路和二层的次园路立体贯通，空间张弛有度，丰富了游览空间，延长了游览路径，打造丰富多维的观赏体验。

The indoor streamline takes advantage of the gardening technique of “twists and turns” to create the indoor terrain through artificial mountains. The main Garden Road on the ground and the secondary Garden Road on the second floor are connected in a three-dimensional way, and the space is relaxed, which enriches the tour space, extends the tour path, and creates a rich and multi-dimensional viewing experience.

▼景观分析图，Landscape analysis

建筑整体为门式框架结构。由南北跨度30米，东西向间距6米的17品框架扭转形成3200㎡的无柱空间，保证视线最大程度的开放性。在三维扭转面上，幕墙龙骨“嵌入”到结构框架龙骨中，形成“合力”共同承受自重及其他荷载。这种方式既有利于结构计算，又减少了主次龙骨之间的层次，使结构更轻盈，室内外视线更通透。

The whole building is a portal frame structure. The 17 grade frame with a span of 30 meters from north to South and a distance of 6 meters from east to west is twisted to form a column free space of 3200 square meters to ensure the maximum openness of the line of sight. On the three-dimensional torsion surface, the curtain wall keel is “embedded” into the structural frame keel to form a “resultant force” to jointly bear self weight and other loads. This method is not only conducive to structural calculation, but also reduces the level between the primary and secondary keels, making the structure lighter and the indoor and outdoor lines of sight more transparent.

▼室内效果，Internal space

工程化思维优化幕墙设计

Engineering thinking to optimize curtain wall design

植物园温室中采用透光率很高的双片超白夹胶玻璃，尽可能减少对阳光的过滤。首先通过对三维扭转面曲率的分析，考虑到玻璃自爆和替换的可能性，选择用三角面平板玻璃拟合的方式实现玻璃扭转效果。

▼幕墙体系图，Curtain wall system

The greenhouse of the botanical garden adopts double pieces of ultra white laminated glass with high light transmittance to minimize the filtration of sunlight. Firstly, through the analysis of the curvature of the three-dimensional torsion surface, considering the possibility of glass self explosion and replacement, the triangular plane flat glass fitting method is selected to achieve the effect of glass torsion.

▼幕墙和屋面近景，Facade and roof scape

在玻璃划分的控制上，最初的想法是沿形体长边为法线，均分短边，用近似等边三角形划分玻璃。这种方式的好处是玻璃切割简单，块面较美观，缺点是玻璃面积会差异较大，且玻璃划分的逻辑不能遵循幕墙线条的走向，会出现一些被“截断”的小块。

In the control of glass division, the initial idea was to divide the short sides along the long side of the body as the normal, and divide the glass with an approximate equilateral triangle. The advantage of this method is that the glass cutting is simple and the block surface is beautiful. The disadvantage is that the glass area will vary greatly, and the logic of glass division cannot follow the trend of curtain wall lines, and some “truncated” small pieces will appear.

▼玻璃划分控制，Glass division

设计团队调整了思路，改为沿立面竖向线条方向为法线分隔玻璃，采用45°近似等腰三角形的方式划分玻璃，尽可能地延续立面原有的幕墙线条，减少了小玻璃的产生，并且大部分玻璃都可以控制在2.5㎡以内，满足规范对顶面玻璃面积的要求，通过标准化的控制减小了施工难度。

The design team adjusted its thinking and changed it to separate the glass along the vertical line direction of the facade, using a 45 ° approximate isosceles triangle to divide the glass, so as to continue the original curtain wall line of the facade as far as possible, reducing the production of small glass, and most of the glass can be controlled within 2.5 ㎡, meeting the requirements of the specification for the top glass area, and reducing the construction difficulty through standardized control.

▼幕墙细节，Curtain wall detailed view

不同场景下的开窗排烟设计

Window opening and smoke exhaust design under different scenes

温室立面开窗的设置，既要满足不同气候模式下通风换气的需求，又要满足消防对排烟面积和开启角度的要求。设计师发现温室最大的问题不是不够热，而是在夏季由于通风不利带来的“过热”。

The setting of greenhouse facade windows should not only meet the needs of ventilation under different climate modes, but also meet the requirements of fire control on smoke exhaust area and opening angle. The designer found that the biggest problem of the greenhouse is not that it is not hot enough, but that it is “overheating” due to poor ventilation in summer.

▼幕墙窗扇示意图，Facade windows

在本项目中，设计师在立面不同位置设置了不同的开启方式来应对：低区立面上的开启扇为平行四边形，采用特殊铰链的上悬窗，主要满足平日进风的要求，空气进入后通过屋顶的开窗产生气压差，空气自然上升送走顶部的热气；山墙倾斜面上长方形窗顺应热空气流动的方向，采用双排下悬的开启方式，使排烟通风效果最大化。顶部的三角玻璃，外开形成韵律感的“鳞片”，在满足功能需求的同时兼具美感。

In this project, the designer has set up different opening methods at different positions of the facade to deal with it: the opening fan on the low area facade is a parallelogram, and the upper hanging window with special hinges is used, which mainly meets the requirements of daily air intake. After the air enters, the air pressure difference is generated through the opening of the window on the roof, and the air naturally rises to send away the hot air on the top; The rectangular window on the inclined surface of the gable conforms to the direction of hot air flow, and adopts the opening mode of double row downward suspension to maximize the smoke exhaust and ventilation effect. The triangular glass on the top forms a rhythmic “scale” outside, which meets the functional needs and has aesthetic feeling at the same time.

▼低区立面采用平行四边形开窗，The opening fan on the low area facade is a parallelogram

▼顶部的三角玻璃，The triangular glass on the top

消防与疏散大有文章

Fire fighting and evacuation

温室在设计规范中属于工业建筑范畴，但展览温室在消防上参照公共建筑中的展厅进行设计。为实现室内天幕的纯净效果，一方面不设喷淋和火灾报警系统，而采用消火栓和排烟窗的形式，另一方面，通过与当地消防部门的沟通以及《建筑设计防火规范》中关于展厅防火分区的相关规定，使整个温室属于同一防火分区。

▼消防与疏散，Fire fighting and evacuation

Greenhouse belongs to the category of industrial buildings in the design code, but the exhibition greenhouse is designed with reference to the exhibition hall in public buildings in terms of fire protection. In order to achieve the purity effect of the indoor sky curtain, on the one hand, there is no sprinkler and fire alarm system, but the form of fire hydrant and smoke exhaust window is adopted. On the other hand, through communication with the local fire department and the relevant provisions on the fire compartment of the exhibition hall in the code for fire protection design of buildings, the whole greenhouse belongs to the same fire compartment.

▼户外平台，Outdoor platform

隐藏之处的匠心设计

Ingenious design in the hidden place

温室的核心功能是冬季保温。温室后面附属机房楼里的锅炉在冬季提供循环的热水，通过沿立面一圈的散热器形成“保温衣”。这些散热片藏在幕墙内侧的管沟中，被植物遮挡，难以察觉。除了冬季保温，夏季也需要通过空调系统调节温度，本项目采用舒适度更高的地送风。

The core function of greenhouse is to keep warm in winter. The boiler in the auxiliary machine room building behind the greenhouse provides circulating hot water in winter, and forms a “thermal jacket” through a circle of radiators along the facade. These heat sinks are hidden in the pipe trench inside the curtain wall and are hidden by plants, which is difficult to detect. In addition to thermal insulation in winter, the temperature also needs to be adjusted through the air conditioning system in summer. The ground air supply with higher comfort is used in this project.

▼管沟位置图，Pipe trench position

▼管沟位置平面图，Pipe trench plan

夏季温室除了要考虑通风，还要考虑遮阳。温室电动遮阳帘的位置正好避让开每跨中间一排开启扇，避免风雨可能带来的损耗。

In addition to ventilation, shading should also be considered in summer greenhouses. The position of the greenhouse electric sunshade is just to avoid opening a row of opening fans in the middle of each span, so as to avoid possible losses caused by wind and rain.

▼电动遮阳帘，Electric sunshade

细节设计实现整体美观度

Detail design to achieve overall aesthetics

温室立面采用竖明横隐玻璃幕墙系统，屋面的扭转面采用隐框式幕墙系统。由于规范不允许设置全隐框幕墙，幕墙设计时候在六块玻璃交汇的点上设置了直径仅100mm的银色扣盖，这样既满足了规范的要求，视觉上给人全隐框幕墙的感觉，又可以通过扣盖减少6块玻璃交接的时候带来的施工误差。

The greenhouse facade adopts the vertical open and horizontal hidden glass curtain wall system, and the torsion surface of the roof adopts the hidden frame curtain wall system. Because the specification does not allow the setting of full hidden frame curtain wall, a silver buckle cover with a diameter of only 100mm is set at the intersection of six glasses during the curtain wall design, which not only meets the requirements of the specification, visually gives the feeling of full hidden frame curtain wall, but also reduces the construction error caused by the handover of six glasses through the buckle cover.

▼仿隐框式幕墙，Hidden frame curtain wall system

同样的思路也被应用在钢结构的交接上。三角玻璃面内侧的龙骨在交接的时候，6根工字钢焊接在一个点，难以实现施工现场的可控和视觉的美感。设计团队在交接的地方设计了一个小“转盘”，圆盘与其中两根钢梁焊接，并预留四个耳板，其余四根工字钢依次跟这个耳板铆接。这样既解决了施工误差的问题，给系统一定的“冗余度”，也让这个交点视觉上更美观。

The same idea is also applied to the handover of steel structures. When the keel inside the triangular glass surface is handed over, six I-beams are welded at one point, which makes it difficult to realize the controllability and visual beauty of the construction site. The design team designed a small “turntable” at the place of handover, which was welded with two steel beams, and four padeyes were reserved, and the other four I-beams were riveted with this padeye in turn. This not only solves the problem of construction error, gives the system a certain “redundancy”, but also makes this intersection visually more beautiful.

▼圆盘，Turntable

结语

Conclusion

南通植物园温室虽然只是一个3000平米的小品，之前也很少有人关注过这个“冷门”的设计品类。简和建筑从零开始，通过大量的案例学习，不断的细节打磨推敲，使作品日臻完美。希望这座水边的温室，正如它守护的植物一样，用旺盛的生命力，给人留下瞬间美好的感动。

Although the greenhouse in Nantong botanical garden is only a 3000 square meter sketch, few people have paid attention to this “unpopular” design category before. Jianhe architecture started from scratch, through a large number of case studies, continuous details polishing and deliberation, so that the works become more and more perfect. I hope that this greenhouse by the water, just like the plants it protects, will leave a moment of beautiful touch with its vigorous vitality.

▼夜景，Night view

▼施工过程，Construction phase

▼总平面图，Site plan

▼一层平面图，Plan

▼立面图，Elevations

▼剖面图，Sections

项目名称：南通植物园温室

设计方：简和建筑设计事务所有限公司

公司网站：

设计时间：2017.06-2018.06

竣工时间： 2017.06-2018.06

主创及设计团队：邹旦妮、颜小剑、孙平、刘玉婧

项目地址：南通市崇川区工农南路狼山汽车客运站东侧

建筑面积：3700㎡

摄影版权：筑作视觉

园林设计：常州市园林设计院有限公司

幕墙设计：上海鼎固幕墙设计咨询有限公司

客户：南通城市建设集团有限公司

品牌：台玻-玻璃

山东领航新材料有限公司-铝板