奥斯汀空中花园 | 绿色生活的创新范例

来自

ASLA

The Sky Garden at 70 Rainey |

Design Workshop, Inc.

项目概述

PROJECT STATEMENT

在奥斯汀Lady Bird湖岸线上方100英尺（30.48米）处，雷尼街70号空中花园重新定义了这座充满技术、文化和创意变革的都市所能提供的生活氛围。这是一个专门用于消遣、休闲和沉思的庇护所，其绿意盎然的场景由得州山区多样化的原生生态定义，为附近居民带来激发感官享受的户外生活体验。

该项目从一开始便强调了可持续的重要性，并为此进行了一系列早期的微气候测试，测试对象包括当地原生的授粉物种，以及会对雨水径流造成影响的吸水表面等。70多种本地植物以复杂的组合方式分布于蜿蜒的小径两侧、荫蔽的角落以及建筑的垂直立面上，形成一个丰富而又持续变化的“展示花园”。

基于全球城市的持续扩张、发展和对气候变化的回应，雷尼街70号空中花园开创了一个具有创造性的先例：使绿色空间以可持续的方式“向上”发展，而非向外延伸。

Soaring 100 feet above the shoreline of Austin’s Lady Bird Lake, 70 Rainey redefines multifamily urban living in a city experiencing rapidly changing technology, culture and innovation. Its Sky Garden, a verdant refuge devoted to recreation, leisure and contemplation, is defined by the diverse and native ecologies of the Texas Hill Country that weave together a sensorial outdoor living experience.

Sustainability, a priority from the outset, led to early microclimate testing, the inclusion of locally sourced pollinator species, and abundant absorbent surfaces that manage stormwater runoff from entering the critical watershed. A complex planting palette, comprised of more than 70 native species, provides an ever-changing and abundant display of regional flora along meandering paths, within secluded nooks, and, most transformational, upon vertical architectural facades. Multidisciplinary collaboration informed design decisions to ensure habitable spaces were tempered from the region’s intense sunlight and high-speed winds.

As cities around the world continue to expand, evolve and respond to climatic change, The Sky Garden at 70 Rainey sets a precedent for creatively and sustainably growing up rather than out.

▲平面图：基于全球城市的持续扩张、发展和对气候变化的回应，雷尼街70号空中花园开创了一个具有创造性的先例：使绿色空间以可持续的方式向上发展，而非向外延伸。PLAN. As cities around the world continue to expand, evolve, and respond to climatic change, the Sky Garden at 70 Rainey sets a precedent for creatively and sustainably growing up rather than out.

项目说明

PROJECT NARRATIVE

重新定义“得克萨斯梦想”

在城郊地带打造面积广阔的私人庭院和住宅区，曾经的“得克萨斯梦想”正在变得过时。雷尼街70号空中花园试图将这种观念转变为一种更加适用于都市环境的模板：在蓬勃发展的奥斯汀市，它开创了将花园向上发展而非向外发展的先例，并通过精心选择的植物与周围的原生景观建立了联系。空中花园再现了得克萨斯州的山地景观，将大自然作为疗愈和恢复身心的工具，在100英尺的高空营造出生机盎然、同时又具备保护性的微气候。

高空中的本地花园

如其名称所示，雷尼街70号空中花园准确地捕捉了得克萨斯山区的地理特点，在城市上空创造出微缩的本地景观。从各个方向上看，花园都展现出了具有得州生态特色的迷人景致。除了崎岖的石灰岩和花岗岩丘陵之外，该地区的植被也有许多值得称道的地方：不仅具有很高的观赏价值，还兼顾了不同的功能。例如，紫锥花、鼠尾草和马利筋能够在春天为饥饿的传粉昆虫提供养分；丝兰能够缓解极端气温；金合欢树则可以起到抵挡烈日的作用。空中花园不仅模仿了当地的生态环境，还与其周围的城市环境相互呼应。由设计团队专门制定的植物组合参照了建筑本身的设计线索，成功将建筑与自然融为一体。这些植物在栽种后以惊人的速度生长，并将随着时间的推移变得更具美感和吸引力。

人工微气候的蓬勃发展与保护

景观团队采取了广泛的措施来确保空中花园在保持蓬勃发展的同时得到保护，以避免得克萨斯州极端天气和其他不可预测的因素的影响。风道测试的数据揭示出了部分因气流影响而不适合植物生长的特定位置，在此基础上，景观设计师有意地引入了种植干预措施，以遏制强劲的自然风和人造风，创造出舒适理想的户外空间。十字蔓沿着电缆攀援，为花园提供了全年的保护。从街道层看，同样的藤蔓构成了垂直绿墙的一部分，使建筑的东面和南面免受风吹日晒，并将建筑基座的外墙与空中花园衔接起来。

生长于本地的金合欢树同样在微气候的营造中发挥了重要作用。它们被栽种于花园东南角，为日照时长超过6小时、气温超过100华氏度（约37.8℃）的德州夏日带来了令人愉悦的阴凉空间。茂密的树冠不仅有效降低了休闲露台上的温度，还使阳光能够透过二回羽状的树叶投下斑驳的影子。这些经过谨慎思索的设计策略为露台赋予了人性化的尺度，使用户可以全天享受空中花园的多重乐趣。

在9300平方英尺（约864平方米）的屋顶上，有超过43%的面积被花园和无边水池占据。露台上的许多种植区域都具有缓和与吸收雨水的作用，能够帮助减少流向奥斯汀市排水系统和附近Lady Bird湖的峰值径流。其他由空中花园创造的环境效益还包括复氧和增加授粉。

重构生活方式

休闲平台的设计受到了周围的社会与自然氛围的启发。奥斯汀的雷尼大街是一条绿树成荫的城市街道，亦是该市游客最多的娱乐区之一。在这里，一系列独栋住宅被改造成兼顾室内外体验的酒吧和餐馆，让当地居民和游客都可以充分享受户外活动和美妙的门廊环境。空中花园的设计参照了新兴街区的特征，在面向雷尼街的一侧，阴凉的集会空间促进了社区的发展并鼓励人们的互动。建筑的南侧和西侧充分引入了外部景观，精心塑造的花园空地和无边际泳池仿佛与下方的Lady Bird湖泊融为一体。

以自然疗愈和恢复活力

充斥着绿植的露天休闲场所是空中花园所提供的最重要的部分，居民们可以在这里放松身心并参与娱乐活动，感受大自然的气息。花园东侧是一个理想的观赏日出的地点，明亮的花园房间适合在炎炎夏日里进行沉思或阅读。凉爽的微风将缤纷的多年生植物、灌木和青草的香气吹入空中，同时为花园带来富有活力的律动。建筑西面可以捕捉到得克萨斯州的美丽夕阳、 Lady Bird湖泊以及奥斯汀广阔的天际线，在每个夜晚都带来令人神往的景致。

随着奥斯汀城市的不断发展，雷尼街70号空中花园将成为屋顶花园设计的一个重要研究案例。在固有的不可改变的城市环境中，空中花园成功地再现了本地和自然景观，对环境起到恢复作用，同时也为人与植物提供了一个共享的庇护所。

▲重塑：在100多英尺的高空，雷尼街70号空中花园为都市生活的新标准注入了活力，并重新塑造了得克萨斯州的后院空间。REDEFINE. Soaring more than 100 feet in the air, the Sky Garden at 70 Rainey breathes life into a new standard of urban living and redefines the Texas backyard

.

▲聚会：无论是偶遇还是计划中的约会，空中花园为居民带来了可以一年四季享受其中的美妙场景。GATHER. Whether a chance encounter or planned rendezvous, the Sky Garden is a spectacle that residents enjoy year-round.

▲探索：空中花园的生态环境与其下方的景观形成了呼应。居民和游客可以沿着蜿蜒的步道沉浸于包含70多种植物的探索之旅。EXPLORE. The Sky Garden’s ecologies change in response to the landscapes below it. When venturing through its meandering pathways, residents and visitors are enveloped in over 70 plant species.

▲环绕：花园空间被特定的植物环绕。藤蔓可以在全年起到缓冲强风的作用，高处的树冠则可以抵御夏季的猛烈阳光。秋天，阳光穿过处于休眠期的草坪，带来明亮又温暖的聚会场地。 ENCIRCLE. The garden rooms are surrounded by plants that serve a purpose. Vines buffer strong winds year-round while the overhead canopy blocks the hot summer sun. During the autumn, the sun eclipses the dormant grasses to create a brilliant gathering place.

▲放松：安静的座位区有机地分布在花园各处。这些隐蔽的角落为阅读、冥想、沉思和享受自然提供了宁静舒适的场所。RELAX. Quiet seating areas are organically situated throughout the Sky Garden. These secluded nooks provide tranquil spaces for reading, meditation, contemplation and the enjoyment of nature.

▲回应：设计团队挑选的每一种植物都具有耐力强且易于生长的特点。精心策划的植物搭配方案对建筑本身的设计线索和微气候做出了回应。RESPOND. Every plant selected by the design team is both durable and vibrant. The intentionally curated plant palette responds to the building’s architectural cues and microclimates.

▲融合：藤蔓与摇曳的灌木依附在花园的每个界面和角落，并将进一步超越建筑的边界。最终，雷尼街70号的建筑基座、本地树冠和现有的街道树木将呈现彼此融合的状态。MERGE. Vines and trailing shrubs cling to every face and corner and will continue to overtake the building. Eventually, 70 Rainey’s building podium, native tree canopy, and existing street trees will be indistinguishable.

▲漫步：空中花园提供了一场经过仔细布局的自然漫步之旅，它模仿了建筑周围的生态环境。一系列本土和高适应性的植物在不同的季节带来变化的景致。WANDER. The Sky Garden offers a choreographed stroll through nature that emulates surrounding natural typologies. A wide array of native and adapted plants puts on an ever-changing performance that changes with the seasons.

▲生长：花园中的植物在栽种后以惊人的速度生长，并将随着时间的推移变得更具美感和吸引力。GROW. Since their installation, the plants at the Sky Garden have grown wildly and abundantly, becoming more and more impressive as the landscape matures.

▲享受：在以植物为核心要素的同时，空中花园还提供了多样化的活动设施，包括无边际泳池、户外厨房、篝火坑以及台球桌等。ENJOY. Though dominated by plants, the Sky Garden offers diverse programming from an infinity pool and spa to outdoor kitchens, fire pits, and a billiards table.

▲观赏：雷尼街70号的建筑体量穿透树冠并以策略性的角度旋转，以充分捕捉奥斯汀、Lady Bird湖泊以及得克萨斯山地在每一天的壮观景色。DISPLAY. The 70 Rainey tower punctures the tree canopy and is strategically rotated to capture commanding views of Austin, Lady Bird Lake, and the Texas Hill Country on any given day.

PROJECT NARRATIVE

REDEFINING THE TEXAS DREAM

The stereotypical Texas dream of expansive private yards and sprawling homes in suburban communities is becoming outdated. The Sky Garden at 70 Rainey shifts that perspective to a template more appropriate for urban environments. Located in Austin, one of the next U.S. boomtowns, the Sky Garden sets a precedent for growing up rather than out, and creates a deliberate connection to the surrounding native landscape through careful plant selection. Recreating the Texas Hill Country landscape and utilizing nature as a healer and rejuvenator, the Sky Garden delivers flourishing and protective microclimates 100 feet in the expansive Texas sky.

THE NATIVE GARDEN ELEVATED

Aptly named, the Sky Garden is dominated by its flora and successfully captures the character of the Texas Hill Country, creating a scaled-down, urban and elevated version of the region’s sweeping landscapes. In every direction, the Sky Garden delivers stunning views of the Texas Hill Country and its greater ecology. Though famous for its rugged hills of limestone and granite, there is much to be said about the region’s vegetation. Plants in this part of the state are just as beautiful as they are useful, another defining characteristic of the approach to the Sky Garden’s design. Echinacea, Salvias, and Asclepias feed hungry pollinator insects in the spring. Yuccas endure extreme temperature swings and Huisache trees shade guests from the hot sun. The Sky Garden elegantly resembles and responds to not only its distant surroundings but its immediate ones also. In response to the building’s architectural cues, the design team curated a plant palette that successfully blends building and nature. Plants have grown wildly and abundantly since their installation, becoming more and more impressive over time.

ENGINEERED MICROCLIMATES FLOURISH AND PROTECT

Extensive measures were taken to ensure that the Sky Garden not only flourished but was protected from Texas’s often harsh and unpredictable elements. Wind tunnel test data revealed specific locations where turbulence would create unpleasant and uninhabitable conditions. The landscape architect invoked deliberate planting interventions to curb strong natural and man-made winds to create desirable and comfortable outdoor spaces. High-performing Crossvines climb the cable railing and provide year-round protection. From the street, the same vines are part of the screen plant composition that shields the east and south faces from wind and sun and ties the building’s podium screen to the Sky Garden. Native Huisache trees also play a major role in the success of the Sky Garden’s microclimates. Located in the southeastern corner, which receives over six hours of sunlight on 100+-degree Texas summer days, these trees create a second canopy that lowers temperatures on the amenity deck while allowing dappled sunlight to filter through the bipinnate leaves. These carefully considered design decisions bring the deck to a human scale and create an ideal space for enjoying the Sky Garden’s many offerings throughout the day.

Of the 9,300 square feet of rooftop exposed to the sky, over 43% is comprised of gardens and an infinity edge pool. Rainwater is slowed and absorbed by the amenity deck’s many planting areas, which help to reduce peak flow runoff to the City of Austin’s storm system and adjacent Lady Bird Lake, a reservoir dedicated to recreation and flood control. Other environmental benefits that can be attributed to the Sky Garden include reoxygenation and increased pollination.

LIFESTYLE REIMAGINED

Program on the amenity deck is inspired by the social and natural forces surrounding it. Austin’s Rainey Street district is a shady tree-lined street and one of the most visited entertainment districts in the city. Single-family bungalows turned indoor-outdoor bars and restaurants allow locals and visitors to enjoy the outdoors and fantastic porch weather that drive tourists to Austin. The Sky Garden emulates the special character of this burgeoning district. Along the building’s Rainey Street side, shady gathering spots foster community and encourage interaction, like the bustling street below. The south and west sides take full advantage of panoramic views with sculpted garden rooms and an infinity edge pool that appears to vanish into Lady Bird Lake below.

NATURE AS A HEALER AND REJUVENATOR

Perhaps most importantly, the Sky Garden provides a lush, open-air escape where residents can maintain their mental wellness, engage in recreation, and surround themselves with nature. The east side is an ideal location to begin one’s day watching the sunrise. Its garden rooms, brightened by natural light, are a perfect retreat for reading and contemplation on hot summer days. Breezes circulate and lift the scent of vibrant, colorful perennials, shrubs and grasses into the air, giving the plants lively movement. The west edge of the building captures astonishing views of the setting Texas sun, Lady Bird Lake, and the vast Austin skyline on any given evening.

As cities like Austin continue to grow, the Sky Garden at 70 Rainey will serve as an important case study for rooftop gardens. In an undeniably urban setting, the Sky Garden successfully recreates native and natural landscapes, revitalizes the environment, and provides a refuge for humans and flora alike.