那不勒斯地铁“大教堂站”丨意大利那不勒斯丨福克萨斯建筑事务所

由Doriana和Massimiliano Fuksas设计的那不勒斯地铁1号线“大教堂站”已于2021年8月6日启用。新地铁站位于尼古拉·阿莫尔广场（Piazza Nicola Amore），这是那不勒斯市一座历史悠久的广场，位于 Via Duomo和Corso Umberto I之间的十字路口，因此成为继位于加里波第广场的中央车站之后又一个通往古城中心的主要接入点。其与大教堂和城市南部的直接联系，将历史悠久的Mercato和Orefici市镇串联，以便于市民和游客在当地的游览。

The ‘Duomo’ station of Line 1 of the Naples Subway, designed by Doriana and Massimiliano Fuksas, was inaugurated on August 6th 2021. The new subway station is located in Piazza Nicola Amore, a historic Neapolitan square at the crossroads between Via Duomo and Corso Umberto I,  thus becoming the main access point to the historic city centre after the Central Station located in Piazza Garibaldi. The direct connection to the Duomo and the southern part of the city – with the ancient borough of Mercato and the historic borough of Orefici – will mobilize a significant flow of citizens and tourists.

▼车站外观效果图，rendering of the station ©Studio Fuksas

与那不勒斯大都会管理局和考古、建筑遗产监管局之间的合作伊始于最初的方案设计阶段。我们一并尊重并确保在第一次场地勘探的挖掘中发现的神殿遗址(可追溯到公元1世纪)、弗拉维安时代的门廊和体育馆跑道这一历史文化要地的重要性。全新的“大教堂车站“是那不勒斯地铁线路项目的重要组成部分。该项目旨在融合文化与文明交融的发展，并涉及国际舞台上的艺术和建筑界的知名人士参与。

The collaboration between Metropolitana di Napoli S.p.A. and the Superintendence for Archeological and Architectural Heritage has allowed to enhance, starting from the very design phase, the base of a temple dating back to the 1st century AD, a Flavian-era portico and a gymnasium running track, which were brought to light during the first excavations. The new Duomo station is part of the larger project of the Naples Underground, a wide-ranging cultural operation involving major names in art and architecture on the international scene.

▼地面上的入口，消隐在历史建筑之中，entrance above the ground, reflecting the historic buildings around ©Roland Halbe

该项目也因此为保护历史遗迹提供了一个重要的机会，并在确保历史遗址合理使用的同时，尊重建筑与历史之间的关系。在当地的考古发现为整个设计阶段提供了一个基本思路：神殿，被发现于低于地表1.85米处；对其上方做了约4.25米左右的透空处理，从而创造了一个令人回味的博物馆空间，并同时与车站的地下空间相交错。

The project represents an important opportunity both to safeguard and protect the archeological area by ensuring its proper use and fruition, while respecting the daily relationship between architecture and history. The archaeological findings have been a fundamental point during the whole design phase: the temple, found at -1.85 m. depth has been brought up to +4.25 m. height thus creating an evocative museum space overlapped to the underground levels of the station.

▼通往地下的楼梯，staircase towards the underground space ©Roland Halbe

为了保护神殿，我们在其上方设计了一个椭圆球形屋顶，其工程将在未来几个月内完成。球形屋顶位于广场中心处，其钢结构由三角形玻璃模数组成，为位于地下的神殿带来自然采光。玻璃的透明度也将确保从室外到室内的视觉可读性及连续性。

A geodesic bubble cover, which will be completed in the coming months, has been designed in order to protect the temple. The steel structure is made up of triangular glass surfaces, which allow for the direct natural lighting of the temple. The transparency of the glass permits a readability and visual continuity from the outside towards the inside, thus giving lightness to the volume, which is placed at the center of the square.

▼效果图，透明穹顶保证室内外视觉连续性 rendering, transparent bubble roof permits the visual continuity between the outside and the inside ©Studio Fuksas

车站分为上下两层，乘客可自行选择是否进入遗址区域，或是在日常乘搭地铁时一瞟古老遗址的风采。地下一层即椭圆球形屋顶内，参观者可体验博物馆空间内的神庙遗址。而地下二层的空间设计致力于城市间的通勤和旅行；伴随着颜色、灯光、几何纹理和镜面的室内铺装，意在敲打着此趟旅程的节奏，伴随乘客通往站台。

The station is articulated on two levels, allowing users to choose whether to enter the excavation or perceive its presence while continuing their usual path to the trains. At the first underground level, conceptually inscribed within the basic ellipse of the cover “bubble”, one can find the temple and the museum space. At the second underground level, the mezzanine floor, the perceptual experience is dedicated to mobility and urban travel. Colors, lighting, geometric textures and mirrored surfaces mark the rhythm of the journey while accompanying the passengers to the train platforms.

▼地铁站入口，subway entrance ©Roland Halbe

▼金属板覆盖的空间，space covered by metal panels ©Roland Halbe

▼变化的灯光形成不同空间体验，changing illumination creates various experience ©Roland Halbe

项目在设计过程中回归对考古发现的尊重，着重强调了深度挖掘的理念，如同一种“深入地下”的情感，用蜿蜒曲折的非几何路径深入地下空间，意在寻找对于古代文明的发掘之旅。

The project returns the suggestion of the archaeological discovery in its making, and strongly proposes the idea of the in depth excavation, as if to return the emotion of ‘going underneath’, of penetrating with sinuous and non-geometric paths into the subsoil, looking for ancient findings.

▼地下空间，underground space ©Roland Halbe

▼清晰的空间标识，clear space signages ©Roland Halbe

▼通往站台的楼梯，staircase towards the train platforms ©Roland Halbe

▼站台，train platform ©Roland Halbe

该项目空间内的所有元素，包括铺装材料，即采用了反光的苏格兰金属板的墙壁和天花板，以及石灰华材质的地板，旨在为神殿创造一个气氛融洽的环境。

All the elements of the architectural space, including the covering materials – bright scotch steel for the walls and the ceiling, travertine slabs for the floors – generate an ideal scenography, as a backround, for the temple.

▼细部，details ©Roland Halbe

▼施工现场，在建的椭圆形屋顶，construction site ©Roland Halbe