星之营地服务中心丨艺合境建筑设计事务所,东南大学建筑学院

星之营地服务中心项目位于张家界国家森林公园琵琶溪片区内一处山坡丘陵地带内，地形略有起伏，总体上以大片的草坪为主，草坪的四周则被茂密的树林和险峻的山峰所环绕，自然风光十分优美。这里核心的场地特征就是风景，所以如何处理建筑和风景的关系就成为设计首要考虑的要素。

Star Camp service center is located at Zhang Jia Jie National Forest Park. The terrain is tortuous, covered with sweeps of lawn, surrounded by thick forest and steep mountains. As the unique landscape is the core of the site, the essential factor of the design is the relationship between the building and landscape.

▼崇山峻岭中的服务中心，the service center in the scenery

建筑在面对风景时大多有三种策略，一是拟态，模拟山水的形态，二是隐逸，通过自身的“不在场”而凸显风景的“在场”；三是旁观，以视觉中的风景为主角，建筑退后成观看风景的“他者”。三种策略在具体的建筑实践中往往相互融合，共同应对风景和自然的存在。星之营地服务中心项目对上述三种策略都有所运用，并在整体协调的基础上对风景的维度进行了提升和整合。

星之营地的功能是一处帐篷宿营，野外拓展、户外活动的基地，服务中心就是为此基地的各项活动提供基本的服务和配套功能。诸如帐篷营地的洗浴，简餐茶点，户外活动的培训以及户外设施的贮藏等，功能要求十分简单。

▼服务中心空间轴测图，axon of the service center

Three strategies could be used in designing buildings in landscape: the first is to imitate the form of the landscape; the second is hiding, to highlight the landscape; the third is to stand by, watching the scenery as an onlooker. In this project, the three strategies is fused and improved based on the integration of all the elements.

The function of star campus is a base of camping, field training and outdoor activities, the service center is to offer the necessary service and supporting facilities, such as bathing, quick meal, training and the store.

▼服务中心外观，建筑形体成为自然延伸的一部分，exterior view of the service center, the building and landscape area embedded into each other

▼沐浴在阳光中的服务中心，the building in the sunshine

服务中心设计的出发点是用建筑形体来强化自然地形的变化，并在风景和建筑之间寻找平衡。建筑形体和布局依据地形的起伏和高差变化而自由展开，对场地特征的尊重本身就是一种抽象的“拟态”。箱型的几何形体被设置在不同的高差平台上，但应功能的要求又被联接为一个连续变化的整体，如同山间的几块巨石，“随意”地搁置在场地上，自然而又多变。

▼水平延展于场地中的服务中心建筑，形体和布局依据地形的起伏和高差变化而自由展开，the horizontal extension of the building, the building unfolds with the site topography and height changes

▼夕阳下的红砖营地，the service center made of red bricks at dusk

The start point of the design is to highlight the landscape topography changes with building form, while finding the balance between the building and scenery. The building unfolds with the site topography and height changes, the boxes are set on different platforms, and connected by function, just like the giant rocks in the mountains.

服务中心近景，close exterior view of the service center

▼随地形变化的体量构成，如同山间的几块巨石，“随意”地搁置在场地上，the volumes with topographic change,the boxes are set on different platforms and connected by function, just like the giant rocks in the mountains

建筑的总面积仅有650平方米，它们被分成三段，分别对应三处不同的高差。从前景的露营草坪可以方便地步入建筑的前广场，从这里进入建筑所对应的是门厅和多功能厅。此处沿着室内单动线继续前行，在上了一米的高差后，就是咖啡厅和茶室。这一空间的室外也对应了一处大平台，并与入口广场通过台阶相连。室外平台可休憩，观景和品茶，同时大平台又是入口广场向屋顶花园的过渡部分，这一过渡空间因为地形高差的原因，相互的连接转换十分自然。拾级而上，不知不觉就来到了建筑的屋顶，屋顶采用植草屋面的做法，这也是增加露营空间的功能需要。而室内从咖啡厅向上再经过一米高差的提升就是男女更衣和其他服务空间，此处同样设置了室外平台可直通下面的露营草坪，以便于洗浴部分的单独使用，由此不难看出，建筑本身是可以攀登和内外相互进入的，从高处来看，这也是对自然的一种“归隐”。

▼建筑通过片墙在场地中形成如大地艺术般的几何构成，geometric composition formed by the building and walls are like earth art on the site

The total area of the building is just 650㎡, formed by three parts on different levels. Visitors can walk into the square in front of the building from the lawn, and enter the lobby and function hall. Moving along the one walking line can get to café and tea room, 1m higher, with a big outdoor platform connected with entrance square with stairs. The platform offers space of relaxing and viewing, as well as the transition space from the entrance square to the roof garden. Visitors can walk onto the roof along steps, and grasses are planted on the roof to offer camping space. 1m higher from the café is dressing room and other service space, also with outdoor platform connected to the entrance lawn, so that the bathing area can be using separately. The building itself can be climbed and connected to the outdoor, which is also a kind of hiding from natural.

▼建筑外观局部，设有三个室外平台，不同的室外平台与高差紧密结合，partial exterior view of the building with three outdoor platforms on different levels

▼从入口前广场看风景，enjoying the scenery on the entrance square

上述的设计策略基本解决了作为营地的服务中心的功能问题，并对地形，高差，景观等做了回应。但在这一特定的场域，建筑对风景的介入又会对原有的自然景观产生怎样的影响呢？其实在没有建筑之前，人对风景的感知是相对单一的，因为没有人工的约束，风景是处于一种各向同性的发散状态的。而在本项目中，则是希望通过建筑的介入，使人们在使用和生活在其中时，能够通过设计的要素来阅读眼前的风景，并同风景产生更多的交流和体验。

These design strategies solve the function problem of the service center, and response to the topography, elevation difference and landscape. But in this specific site, how the building influence the landscape? Before the building, people’s perception of landscape is single. Without the manual intervene, landscape is divergent in different directions. While in this project, we hope people can watch landscape by design factors and gain more communication and experience.

▼建筑为观看风景提供场所，the building provides a place for sightseeing

星之营地服务中心在设计中希望能将更多的场地和景观要素纳入到以几何逻辑建构起的体系里来。而广场，平台，草坡，台阶，树木等通过砖墙的围合与转折，就建立起了新的空间序列，这一序列让单一的风景维度变得更加有层次，更加多样化。入口广场处的建筑的主体，分隔平台的矮墙以及景观水池的边界等都是植入在自然中的硬边的几何线条和几何块面。这些设计元素共同形成了一个导向风景的界面，它使得游客的观赏视线有了方向性和场所感。通过建筑，特定的风景角度得以被形成和捕获，虽然还是原始的状态，但人工与自然的互动在这里建立起更加抽象的风景，建筑空间使风景分离出来，但同时又被自然所包裹。

The service center of star camp try to integrated more site and landscape factors into the geometry construction system. The square, platforms, lawn steps and trees, enclose with brick walls, constructed new sequence relation, which enriched the landscape dimensions. The volume at the main entrance, low walls separating platforms and landscape pond borders area geometry lines and surfaces planted into natural, which are integrated as an interface to the landscape, bring in the directivity and location sense. By the building, the specific view angle is settled, and interaction between men and natural is formed into more abstract landscape.

▼从建筑的室外平台远眺，overlooking on the platform

进一步地，因为整栋建筑的室外动线是可以缓步走向屋顶的，游客在行进过程中其视线也是不断升高变化的，那么这一过程中的自然也就被分解成了不同的场景。远景虽然不断出现，但在不同方向上变化不大，但因为近景和高差在不断变化，加之建筑的体量又是延展于场地之中的，所以其相互组合的风景画面也是在不断变化中的。这样，单一的风景就变成了一系列的风景切片，当进入到植草屋顶时，草坪，较低标高处的层层露台，延伸的红砖墙体，保留的树木就同远处的群山构成了大地艺术般的画面，建筑同风景在一个更高的维度上融为一体。因此，“最具韵味的自然并非是毫无干预纯粹天然的，而是被人工捕获，并与人互动互成的自然”。

▼从屋顶看远山，overlooking distant mountains on the roof

Furthermore, as the outside walk line of the building is guiding to the roof, the sight line of visitors is keep lifting, the scenery picture is changing with different levels. When standing on the grass roof, the lawn, platforms, red brick walls, keeping trees, as well as the distant mountain composed a land art picture, building and scenery is integrated on a higher dimension. “The most charming scenery is not the pure natural without any intervene, but the captured landscape, interacted appropriately with people”.

▼从植草屋顶看风景，see the sight on the grass planted roof

海德格尔在论述桥与两岸关系时曾说：“桥架于河流之上，它不仅仅是把原来的两岸连接起来，正是因为桥的存在，河岸才有了其成立的根基。两岸因为桥而贯通，通过桥，一边的河岸与另一边形成对立，河岸因此也显得意义非凡。桥与河岸一起把后方的环境引向河流，它使得陆地，河岸和河流的关系变得更加密切，桥把无意义的大地凝聚为河流风景的一部分”。所以，从这个意义上讲，星之营地服务中心在此地对风景的介入，就如同海德格尔所描述的“桥”，它提升了风景的价值，展现了场所的意义，并使人与风景的关系变得更加紧密起来。

▼服务中心外观夜景，night view of the service center

Heidegger once said when discussing the relationship between bridge and shore, “bridge is not only the connection between shore sides, but also the foundation of the existing of the shores. The two sides are connected and opposite because of bridge, and meaningful. Bridge and shores together bring the scenery to river, making the relationship between land, shore and river closer. Bridge makes land to be a part of the scenery”. In this sense, the intervene to the scenery of the star camp service center is just like the bridge that Heidegger discussed, which promotes the landscape value and the sense of place, and establishes closer ties between man and natural.

▼建筑与远山，the service center and the distant mountains

▼总平面图，site plan

▼平面图，floor plan

立面图和剖面图，elevations and sections

▼墙身详图，wall details

项目名称：星之营地服务中心

设计方：艺合境建筑设计事务所/东南大学建筑学院

项目设计 & 完成年份：2014 & 2015

主创及设计团队：杨志疆，杨程，张胜亚，朱兴彤，曹俊

项目地址：张家界国家森林公园

建筑面积：650㎡

摄影版权：夏强

客户：张家界国家森林公园管理局

Project name: Star Camp Service Center

Design: Art+Zen Architects/SEU-ARCH

Design year & Completion Year: 2014 & 2015

Leader designer & Team: Yang Zhijiang,Yang Cheng, Zhang Shengya, Zhu Xingtong, Cao Jun

Project location: Zhang Jia Jie National Forest Park

Gross Built Area (square meters): 650㎡

Photo credits: Xia Qiang

Partners: Architects&Engineers Co.,Ltd. Of Southeast Unverstiy

Clients: Zhang Jia Jie National Forest Park Administration