《未知城市 | 中国当代建筑装置影像展》——城市发展的矛盾性融合

 坪山美术馆（新馆）开馆展

“未知城市：中国当代建筑装置影像展”

“未知城市：中国当代建筑装置影像展”将于明日（3月30日）正式开幕。

展览

用装置、影像等多种形式探讨城市本体哲学的未知性，同时探索城市未来状态的可能性，为观众创造一次共同思考城市、思考建筑、思考空间的机会。

"The Unknown City: China Modern Architecture Installation Media Exhibition" will open on the 30th or March, this coming Saturday.  Implementing multiple forms of mediums such as installation, videos et cetera, the exhibition will examine the uncertainty of urban ontology while exploring future possibilies of the urban condition, providing a unique opportunity to contemplate on the urban, architecture and space.

坪山美术馆（新馆）开馆首展“未知城市：中国当代建筑装置影像展”海报

我们的展品围绕一个在2012年的启动的开发项目展开。项目被置于超越其生命周期的更广阔的时空框架中，从而得以展示科技、经济以及政治等外部力量对建筑项目复杂的塑造作用，持续变化的外力促使项目定位在不同类型和目标市场间阶段性切换，设计也随之体现了持续的不确定性。甚至在某些时刻，多种合理的解决方案如同量子叠加态一般同时存在，使得解答的“唯一性”失去了意义。

Our exhibit revolves around an on-going developer project that began in 2012. By placing the project within a larger space-time framework than its own life cycle, we attempt to reveal the historic disruption caused by technological, economic and political forces onto the architectural project itself. The pace and intensity of the disruptions have forced the project to leap between multiple typologies and targeted markets. 

The many different incarnations of the project demonstrate a constant presence of uncertainty. Like the state of quantum of superposition, the project possessed multiple valid solutions until the last moment.

©TANGHUA ARCHITECT&ASSOCIATES

类似的复杂性和不确定性在项目所在地大同市今年的发展中得到了尤为显著的体现。作为当代中国城市发展的一个典例，大同市发展的每一步都同时受到帝国时期的历史、民国时期的工业遗产，以及互联网时代后工业化等因素的相互作用。最终大同市近年的城市转型成为了传统文人史观、苏联式的中央规划以及美国式的主题公园思维逻辑共存的矛盾性融合。

Similar kind of complexity and uncertainty manifested much stronger during the transformation of Datong, where the project is located. The city of Datong is an exemplary case of Chinese urban developments. It had to simultaneously deal with its historic legacy from the imperial era, its industrial past since the People’s Republic, and the uncertain future while going through a de-industrialization process in an internet age. Hence the philosophy behind the solution provided became a fusion of Confucian literati architectural historiography, Soviet planning and Disneyland.

©TANGHUA ARCHITECT&ASSOCIATES

经过漫长的设计周期，项目最终在大环境的反复剧烈变化之后落地，从各种复杂业态的排列组合直接“塌缩”成一个住宅开发项目——一个基于财务计算能够达到投资回报最大化的模型。然而现实生活的环境塑造永远无法得到甚至类似的确定性，每个人都在不断地按照自己的对理想物质世界的想象，让现实在不断的“呈型”过程中，永不停止。

Both the developer and the city of Datong had to face the rapidly changing contexts locally, nationally and globally. The quantum state of the project eventually “collapsed” into a straightforward residential development, when all other possibilities were eliminated over time. Yet that eventuality is based on the simple model of return on investment. The physical reality, however, is a constant process of poiesis that is the combined result of everyone’s projection of their own imaginations of multiple ideal worlds. Unlike the certainty provided by quantum collapse, poiesis never stops.

2012年中，大同项目开始，当时中国一二线城市自四万亿计划而起的城市综合体和高级酒店的建设热潮已经逐渐降温，但是大同作为四线城市还在期望自己的综合体和顶级酒店，业主对自己的地块区位优势和与政府的良好关系也有着足够的自信，于是项目定位囊活了JW万豪酒店、“凤临阁”大型餐馆、面积达到6万㎡的大型商场、以及超过规划条件建筑高度限制的商务办公和国际公寓楼，按照中型城市综合体的规模和城市地标建筑的定位去策划设计的。在这样的定位下，住宅地块的重要性退居其次，除了满足大量回迁住宅，仅以少量高层住宅满足指标需求，在整个投资回报的考虑中也没有被寄予厚望。

The commencement of the Datong project in 2012, was in the context of a continued construction hype that lasted for years thanks largely to the 2008-09 stimulus package in the wake of the global financial crisis. Urban complexes (a high-end and high-density mixed –use architectural type) and high-end hotels have already slowed down in first and second tier cities by now. However, Datong as a fourth tier city, was still anticipating such developments of its own. Our client was confident of their resources and had lavishly planned a system of programs that assumed the best hotel, restaurant, retail, office and apartments in the city of Datong. The project positioned itself as the city landmark in a mid-sized city. Under such plan, residential spaces are of the least importance, both in terms of quantity and ROI calculation.

2012年末，中央出台关于改进工作作风、密切联系群众的“八项规定”，2013年初，其对餐饮业和酒店业的影响已经充分展现，再加上地方政府的人事调整，以及以淘宝和京东为主的电子零售业对实体商业的冲击愈加严重，以往的策划和定位已经不合时宜，业主对策划定位于做了相应的调整。取消了大型餐馆，大型商场面积缩减为4万㎡，更多的商业以独栋的品牌旗舰店和沿街商铺的面貌呈现，酒店定位减低为普通的星级酒店，办公定位也调整为公寓式办公和LOFT办公，也不再追求超高层的绝对高度形成的标志性。此次住宅部分依然不是投资回报的考虑重点，甚至将住宅指标用于建设类住宅的公寓产品。

In 2013, drastic societal and policy-level shifts had created headwind for the original planning. Towards the end of 2012, the Eight-point Regulation stipulated by the central government came into effect. Also, E-Commerce led by Taobao and JD showed their strong impact towards traditional retailers. Accordingly, our client had to adjust their expectations and programmatic planning. The large high-end restaurant was canceled; the large retail space shrunk and more retail manifested as flagship stores and street-level shops; J.W. Marriott was downscaled as normal hotel; office spaces were reconfingured as apartment offices and LOFT offices; the monumental skyscraper was dropped. Residential still was not a major part of the ROI plan.

2014年是房地产持续紧缩的一年，办公和商业成为销售压力较大的两种业态，年初的再次尝试，业主已经将大量的公寓型产品转变成传统的住宅产品，办公和商业不仅规模大大减少，形态也调整为独栋的建筑群样式，期望以灵活性和独享楼栋来打开市场，但是依然无法下决心放弃沿主干道的大型商场。这次尝试持续时间很短，设计并未持续深化。

The Chinese real estate market experienced a strong contraction in 2014. Offices and retails faced rather strong pressure in sales. Our client had already converted a large amount of apartments into traditional residential units. Offices and retail spaces not only were reduced significantly, they also were manifested into a cluster of smaller stand-alone buildings to achieve maximal flexibility and spatial-exclusivity for a larger market-reach. Nevertheless, the client still could not give up on owning a large-scale retail space along the major axial-avenue of Datong city. This version of the project did not last long and was dropped before we had to develop it further.

2015年形势趋好，集合了高体验性业态的大型商场在电商的轮番冲击下证明了自己尚有一战之力，业主重燃对大型商业的信心，设计以大型拱廊连接整个商业群，流线设计和商铺划分更为注重灵活划分和内外兼顾。同时住宅售价的节节攀升，也使业主在投资回报时把住宅放在了第一位，住宅的设计从建设规模到小区环境都更为接近纯住宅产品的样式。这一轮方案很被甲方看好，但是在报建过程中遇到了其它的阻力——在2016年《山西省人民政府关于公布第五批省级文物保护单位的通知》中“大同古城墙”被列入重点保护单位，而项目地块中涉及大同城墙南小城130余米墙体，于是项目再次停顿下来。

2015 was a good year for real estate. Experience-based shopping malls proved to be resilient in the shadow of astronomical ecommerce expansion. The return of our client’s confidence called for an huge arcade space for internalized mall. At the meanwhile, the price of residential products started to climb up and it became sensible that the residential products to be designed more traditionally. Just before we all thought this version would be a good solution, we discovered a new condition during the application process for a construction permit: a 130-meter-long piece of ancient city wall within the site limit was listed as the subject for historic preservation in 2016. The project came to a pause, once again.

2018年，

经过两年的反复研究，南小城保护范围和建控范围划定，2018下半年项目再次启动。两年的时间证明了住宅的刚性需求和学区学位对住宅溢价的促进作用，而城市附近的其他大型商业项目也陆续开张营业，供应缺口不再存在。于是业主再次调整策划定位，住宅成为绝对的投资回报主力，并以大量的学位公寓作为保障，商业退居末位。

After two years of research and negotiating, the project resumed in the latter half of 2018. Time had proved the inelastic quality of the residential market and consumers would pay premium for favorable school districts. In addition, other large-scale retail spaces had opened in and around the same neighbourhood of the site, rendering the demand for such program no longer urgent. The client had once again repositioned the project as mainly a residential one, providing large amount of school-district homes.

©TANGHUA ARCHITECT&ASSOCIATES

参展人：汤桦 汤孟禅

项目组：戴琼 郑晨曦 杨原 高靖奎（实习 

） 

张曼韵（实习） 

版权声明

Copyright Statement

本文版权归深圳汤桦建筑设计事务所有限公司所有

The copyright of this article belongs to Tanghua Architect & Associates

欢迎各类媒体合作，请与我司联系取得授权