“内部空间” | 第 14 届威尼斯双年展西班牙馆诠释现代建筑原型

第14届威尼斯国际建筑双年展西班牙馆的设计回应了“内部空间”（INTERIOR）的核心理念，这也是策展团队本身最为关注的一个主题。该理念同时也回应了当届双年展的大主题：“基础”（Fundamentals）。它将重点放在建筑本身，并借此来反映建筑的传统和未来。

The choice of the theme ‘Interior’, as the central concept of the Spanish Pavilion of the 2015 International Architecture Exhibition of the Venice Biennale, responds to various factors that, from the curatorial team itself, are considered of the greatest interest. As explained below, it is a guiding idea capable of responding to the general motto of the Biennale (Fundamentals) and our temporal context, of placing the focus on architecture itself and of reflecting on its tradition and its future projection. Finally, the interior claims the disciplinary tools of architecture that operate on its own essence: the space and the material culture that gives it shape.

▼入口空间，entrance area ©José Hevia

该项目所呈现的室内空间阐释了一种建筑学的本质规律：空间和物质文化造就了建筑的形态。谈论建筑的内部空间对于诠释“基础”和“吸收现代性1914-2014”（absorbing modernity 1914-2014）这两个策展主题而言有着十分重要的作用。它以专业的视角对现代建筑原型进行了审慎的、兼顾批判性与理论性的思考。内部空间作为研究对象能够连接传统与现代性，在得出批判性结论的同时，还将为如何思考建筑类型学、构造与环境模型以及当代建筑的设计技术提供范例。

Talking about the interior is a critical strategy to assume the two statements (Fundamentals and Absorbing Modernity 1914-2014) proposed by the curator and director of the architecture section of this edition, Rem Koolhaas. It is a professional proposition of the first order that allows reconsidering the modern model in a careful way, at the same time critical or speculative. The interior as a research object connects tradition and modernity to extract not only critical conclusions, but essential keys that exemplify how to rethink the typological, constructive and environmental models, as well as the design techniques of the contemporary project.

▼展馆的设计以“内部空间”为核心理念，旨在以专业的视角对现代建筑原型进行思考，the choice of the theme “Interior” allows reconsidering the modern model in a careful way, at the same time critical or speculative ©José Hevia

谈论内部空间，确保了西班牙馆并非只是策展的目的和产物，而是对地中海建筑特性的一次深度考察：在此语境下，建筑需要被理解为环境的建造。室内空间的设计正是这一概念的明确表达。在机械化的现代环境中，室内空间往往沦为以空调系统为主导的施工模型的牺牲品，同时还要受到外观设计的各种约束。环境的建造试图将物质材料和形式系统整合起来，其复杂性体现在它需要在人类文化和生物学之间找到平衡。

Talking about the interior ensures that the Spanish Pavilion is not understood as a more or less accurate curatorial selection, but as an investigation into one of the distinctive features of Mediterranean architecture: the need to understand architecture as an environmental construction. The most explicit articulation of this ambition is established through the interiors. Given the mechanical modernity, in which the interior is the victim of an order based on the environmental and constructive model imposed by air conditioning, and in view of the consequent renunciation of the interior in favour of the iconic expression of the envelope, the architectures of Our environment continues to integrate material and formal systems in environmental constructions whose complexity aims to modulate human culture and biology.

▼对地中海建筑特性的一次深度考察，an investigation into one of the distinctive features of Mediterranean architecture ©José Hevia

将关注点放在室内空间，也意味着要充分考虑设计的价值，尤其是在与改造、重建和城市更新相关的领域。这些项目在很大程度上可以被归类为内部的介入——这不仅仅是对建筑而言，它还包括城市中的内部庭院。对于公众来说，“现代性”几乎成为了一种同质化的模型，仿佛人类的本性也可以被量化（更糟糕的是，也许可以被纠正），仿佛建筑的体验已经成为了可以被具体化的、或者完全取决于普世文化的固定模式。

Focusing the exhibition of the Spanish Pavilion in the interior also means considering the value of its design, especially in relation to rehabilitation, recovery and urban regeneration programs that, to a large extent, can be classified as interior activities, not only in terms of which refers to buildings as such, but also encompasses the inner courtyards of our cities. For the general public, the very idea of modernity refers to a homogeneous model, as if human nature itself could be measured (or, worse, corrected) from unified spatial patterns. As if the experience of architecture were an objectifiable pattern or depended exclusively on learning a universal cultural pattern.

▼室内细部，detailed view ©José Hevia

▼设计方案示意，scheme

▼平面图，plans

INTERIOR Spanish Pavilion – Biennale di Venezia – 14th International Architecture Exhibition Exhibition in Madrid, 2015 Client: Ministry of Development, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Spain Curator: Iñaki Ábalos Assistant Curators:Enrique Encabo, Inmaculada E. Maluenda, Lluís Ortega Design (Madrid): Abalos+Sentkiewicz Lluís Ortega Manuel Ocaña Production: SCP Creación y Producción de Eventos Publications: Moisés Puente, editor Photography:José Hevia Collaborators: Javier García Germán (ETSAM coordinator), Rafael Beneytez (ETSAM assistant), Vicky Achnani, Emiliano Domingo, María García, Sun Jiaqiu, Diana Mera, Saptarshi Mitra, Adriana Pablos, Alejandra Sánchez, Snehal Sonawane, Adrián Úbeda, Zhang Yanan (ETSAM students)