抗日战争最后一役纪念馆 · 融合历史的绿地公园设计丨中国江苏丨同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司

1945 年 8 月 15 日，日本宣布无条件投降，长达十四年的抗日战争宣告结束。但战火并未平息，直到 1945 年底，在苏皖边区政府南面还有一座县城仍然被日伪军占据着，这就是高邮城。1945 年 12 月 19 日，新四军华中野战军在高邮对拒绝投降的日伪军发起最后的进攻。12 月 26 日，高邮战役胜利，粟裕在一座位于人民公园中的礼堂里接受了日军岩崎大佐敬献的军刀，高邮终于迎来了解放。这是中国人民抗日战争的最后一役，也是抗日战争中解放的最后一座城市。70 年过去了，战争硝烟早已散去，曾经的侵华日军向新四军投降处依然屹立在闹市中央，静静地诉说着那一段波澜壮阔的历史画卷。

On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender, and the fourteen-year war of resistance against Japan came to an end. However, the war did not subside. Until the end of 1945, there was another county in the south of Jiangsu that was still occupied by the Japanese army, which was Gaoyou city. On December 19, 1945, the central China Field Army of the new fourth army launched a final attack on the Japanese army who refused to surrender in Gaoyou. On December 26, after the victory of the Gaoyou campaign, Suyu received the saber presented by Japanese Senior Minister Iwasaki in an auditorium in the people’s Park, and Gaoyou finally ushered in its liberation. This is the last battle of the Chinese people’s war of resistance against Japan and the last City liberated in the war of resistance against Japan. 70 years later, the smoke of war has long dissipated, and the place where the Japanese invaders surrendered to the New Fourth Army is still standing in the center of the downtown, quietly telling that magnificent historical moment.

▼抗日战争最后一役纪念馆鸟瞰，Aerial view of Victory Square and people’s Park

战后的七十多年岁月里，“公园礼堂”（当年的日军投降处）已和高邮市烈士陵园、人民公园、老年大学、老政府办公楼、州署头门以及各种民房混杂在一起，周边环境较差。2015 年，为了纪念抗战胜利七十周年，高邮市政府希望通过设计使得最后一役纪念馆和周围环境以及城市有机结合，并增加一个副馆来展示抗战史料，作为最后一役馆的补充，以及新建一个游客中心来作为整个公园的配套。

For more than 70 years after the war, the “Park auditorium” (the place where the Japanese army surrendered at that time) has been mixed with Gaoyou martyr cemetery, people’s Park, university for the elderly, old government office building, state department head gate, and various civilian houses. The surrounding environment is quiet poor. In 2015, in order to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Gaoyou municipal government hopes to organically integrate the memorial hall of the last battle with the surrounding environment and the city through design. At the same time, an auxiliary Pavilion will be added to display the historical materials of the Anti-Japanese war as a supplement to the pavilion of the last battle. And a new tourist center will be built as a supporting facility for the whole park.

▼“追忆之痕”入口鸟瞰夜景，Aerial view of the entrance of “trace of memory”

▼树林中的抗日战争最后一役胜利广场入口雕塑，sculpture of Victory Square in the last battle of the Anti-Japanese war in the woods

整个项目分为红色主题区、古城风貌区以及绿地公园区。其中最为重要的红色主题区按流线路径依次分为“追忆之痕”抗战道路、“止战之殇”胜利广场以及通向碑林和人民公园的“和平之路”。设计强调“行进过程体验感”，以“伤痕”为构图手法，以空间的氛围变化突出“最后一役”的时间概念，以地景艺术为主要建筑手段，融合周边环境，在诠释战争历史的同时，引导体验者对于战争进行更深层次的思考。

The whole project is divided into red theme area, ancient city style area and green park area. Among them, the most important red theme area is divided into the “trace of memory” – the road of Anti-Japanese war, the “war ending Memorial” – Victory Square and the “road to peace” – a streamline path leading to Beilin and people’s park. The design emphasizes the “sense of experience in the process of moving”, takes “scars” as the composition method, highlights the time concept of “the last battle” with the change of space atmosphere, takes landscape art as the main architectural means, integrates the surrounding environment, and guides the experimenter to think more deeply about the war while interpreting the history of the war.

▼新建副馆鸟瞰，Bird’s view

“追忆之痕”从主入口广场开始，用耐候钢板墙围合形成的道路，象征抗战道路的艰难曲折。我们采用了叙事性的设计手法，抗战道路中的耐候钢板墙总计 14 片，象征 14 年抗战，墙上结合铜雕，用一幕幕主题故事来为人们重现抗战历史。随着抗战道路越来越低，钢板墙由宽变窄，逐渐向下，空间氛围越发压抑，加剧了悲愤的情绪，同时也为进入高潮空间——胜利广场做好了心理铺垫。

▼“追忆之痕”入口鸟瞰，Aerial view of the entrance of “trace of memory”

▼“追忆之痕”俯视，Top view of “trace of memory”

The “trace of memory” starts from the main entrance square and forms a road surrounded by weather resistant steel plate walls, symbolizing the difficulties and twists of the road of the war of resistance against Japan. We have adopted narrative design techniques. There are a total of 14 weatherproof steel plate walls in the road of the war, symbolizing the 14-year Anti-Japanese war. The walls are combined with bronze carvings to reproduce the history of the Anti-Japanese war for people with scenes of theme stories. As the road became lower and lower, the steel plate wall became narrower and narrower, gradually downward. The space atmosphere also became more and more depressed, aggravating the mood of sadness and anger. At the same time, it prepared the psychological groundwork for entering the climax space – Victory Square.

▼“追忆之痕”入口雕塑，Sculpture at the entrance of “trace of memory”

▼“抗战道路”甬道雕塑，series sculptures of Anti-Japanese War

▼“抗战道路”甬道看向革命火炬雕塑，series sculptures of Anti-Japanese War

▼“抗战道路”甬道雕塑雪景，series sculptures of Anti-Japanese War

▼游客中心与抗战道路入口细部，Detail

“止战之殇”

“War ending Memorial”

沿着曲折和狭窄的抗战道路走到尽头，循着光线拾级而上，迎来了豁然开朗的广场空间——胜利广场。广场一角高耸的胜利火炬雕塑，象征着抗战终于胜利！之前抗战道路中积聚的悲愤、压抑在此彻底释怀，空间的高潮也随之到来——硕大的镜面水池倒影着抗战最后一役纪念馆（日军投降处）。平静的镜面倒影表达以史为鉴，止战之殇，仿佛抚平了“追忆之痕”中的战争伤痛，人们在经历了刚才一幕幕战争的百转千回后不禁感叹最终胜利的来之不易！

and usher in the suddenly open square space – Victory Square. The towering victory torch sculpture in one corner of the square symbolizes the final victory of the anti-Japanese War! The grief, anger and depression accumulated in the road of the war were completely relieved here, and the climax of the space also came – the huge mirror pool reflected the memorial hall of the last battle of the anti-Japanese War (where the Japanese army surrendered). The calm mirror reflection expresses taking history as a mirror, as if it smoothed the war pain in the “trace of memory”. After experiencing the cruelty of the wars just now, people can’t help but sigh that the final victory is hard won!

▼站在胜利广场中央看抗日战争最后一役纪念馆 ，Standing in the center of Victory Square to see the memorial hall of the last battle of the Anti-Japanese War

整个胜利胜利广场由南侧“革命火炬”的雕塑统领空间，寓意曲折的抗战道路终于迎来抗战最后一役胜利的曙光，同时象征着在中国共产党的领导下，红色的革命之火永不熄灭。广场西侧镂空的耐候钢板景观墙，隐隐透出背后的斑驳的树影。钢板墙上的大量写意斜线分隔纹理，隐喻“疾风劲草”，与南侧高耸的火炬雕塑一起寓意着革命之火所到之处，必将以疾风劲草之势，摧枯拉朽般击溃敌人。

The whole Victory Square is dominated by the sculpture of the “Revolutionary Torch” on the south side, which means that the tortuous road of the war of resistance has finally ushered in the dawn of victory. At the same time, it symbolizes that under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the red revolutionary fire will never be extinguished. The hollowed-out plate landscape wall on the west side of the square faintly reveals the mottled shadow of trees behind it. A large number of freehand slashes on the steel plate wall separate the texture, metaphorizing “strong wind and sturdy grass”. Together with the towering torch sculpture on the south side, it means that wherever the revolutionary fire goes, it will defeat the enemy with the momentum of destruction.

▼革命火炬，Revolutionary torch

▼“抗战道路”尽头火炬雕塑雪景，Revolutionary torch

在体会了抗战道路的曲折和胜利广场的胜利时刻后，人们可以从广场东南侧进入新建副馆。新馆位于广场东侧，建筑仿佛从大地中生长出来一样，以消隐、低调而有力的方式介入到场地之中，与旧馆、甬道以及周边城市形成了一个新的整体氛围。

副馆设置三个展厅，分为上下两层，通过室内坡道相连。各个立面形成楔形造型，形态上和折线造型的抗战道路以及折线轮廓的胜利广场呼应。入口处采用切削体量的手法，雕刻出厚重的体积感与强烈的光影对比，在形式上与北侧甬道呼应，在意象上体现了战争所留下的深刻痕迹。

副馆主立面上镂空循序渐变的“星火”状的三角形玻璃窗，夜晚星火闪烁，犹如“革命火炬”撒下的星星火种。

After experiencing the twists and turns of the road of the war and the victory moment of Victory Square, people can enter the newly-built sub pavilion from the southeast side of the square. The new pavilion is located on the east side of the square, and the building seems to grow out of the earth. It intervenes into the site in a hidden, low-key and powerful way, forming a new overall atmosphere with the old Pavilion, corridors and surrounding cities. The sub hall has three exhibition halls, which are divided into upper and lower floors, connected by indoor ramps. Each facade forms a wedge shape, which echoes the broken line shaped Anti-Japanese war Road and the broken line outline of Victory Square. The entrance adopts the method of cutting volume, carving a thick sense of volume and a strong contrast of light and shadow, which echoes the North corridor in form and reflects the deep traces left by the war in image. The triangular glass window in the shape of “spark” is hollowed out and gradually changed on the main facade of the sub hall. At night, the spark flickers, like the star fire scattered by the “revolutionary torch”.

▼耐候钢板景观墙，隐喻“疾风劲草之势”，Weather resistant steel plate landscape wall, metaphorical “the trend of strong wind and grass”

▼耐候钢板景观墙，隐喻“疾风劲草之势”，Weather resistant steel plate landscape wall, metaphorical “the trend of strong wind and grass”

▼“疾风劲草”细部，Detail of the wall

▼新馆主立面镂空渐变的“星火”状三角形玻璃窗

The “spark” shaped triangular glass window with gradual hollowing

参观完副馆后，可以通过广场北侧台阶或坡道，上到最后一役纪念馆的入口。它最早是一座中西合璧式的“礼堂”，始建于民国十九年（1930 年），位于高邮人民公园内，因此被人们称为“公园礼堂”。1945 年 12 月 26 日，高邮战役胜利后，粟裕在这座礼堂中接受了日军岩崎大佐敬献的军刀。如今，它被改造为“抗日战争最后一役纪念馆”，每年有五万多人来这里触摸历史，感受当年的高邮战役。站在礼堂的入口俯瞰整个广场，高耸的火炬、如镜的水池、星星的灯火以及燎原的野草共同构筑成一幅寓意革命“星星之火，可以燎原”的生动景象。

After visiting the auxiliary hall, you can go up to the entrance of the last battle memorial hall through the steps or ramps on the north side of the square. It was originally an “auditorium” with a combination of Chinese and Western styles. It was built in the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930). It is located in Gaoyou people’s Park, so it is called “Park auditorium”. On December 26th, 1945, after the victory of the Gaoyou campaign, Suyu accepted the sabre presented by Japanese Dazuo Iwasaki in this auditorium. Now, it has been transformed into a “Memorial Hall of the last battle of the Anti-Japanese War”. Every year, more than 50000 people come here to touch history and feel the Gaoyou battle of that year. Standing at the entrance of the auditorium overlooking the whole square, the towering torch, the pool like a mirror, the lights of stars and the prairie Burning Weeds together form a vivid picture that implies the revolution “a single spark can start a prairie fire”.

▼从胜利广场看镜面水池和新建副馆，Mirror pool and new pavilion viewed from Victory Square

▼从胜利广场看新建副馆入口，View of the entrance of the new pavilion from Victory Square

“和平之路”

“Road of peace”

走出最后一役纪念馆后，向东通过“和平之路”到达碑林以及烈士陵园，心情得以平复后，完成整个游览，向北可以继续参观烈士陵园和人民公园，向南可以回到入口处的游客中心。游客中心斜线切割的造型和星火窗的立面延续了副馆风格，结合公园入口空间设计以及刺刀般锋利的入口 LOGO 雕塑，形成整个公园南入口的重要空间节点。游客中心表皮与新馆采用相同手法，以“星星之火”为意象在立面上开大小不一的三角形洞口，在阳光下形成丰富的立面光影效果。

After leaving the memorial hall of the last battle, you can reach the forest of Steles and the martyrs’ cemetery by going east through the “road of peace”. After your mood is calmed, you can complete the whole tour. You can continue to visit the martyrs’ cemetery and the people’s Park to the north, and return to the tourist center at the entrance to the south.

The slash cut shape of the tourist center and the facade of the starlight window continue the style of the sub-Pavilion. Combined with the space design of the park entrance and the bayonet sharp entrance logo sculpture, they form an important space node of the south entrance of the whole park. The skin of the tourist center adopts the same method as that of the new museum. With the image of “spark”, triangular holes of different sizes are opened on the facade to form a rich facade light and shadow effect in the sun.

▼入口游客中心，Entrance of visitor center

▼游客中心星火窗，Spark window of tourist center

抗日战争最后一役胜利广场采用隐喻的设计手法，以甬道形成的裂痕空间隐喻战争伤痕，以镜面的平静隐喻创伤的抚平，将建筑空间升华为精神空间，用强烈的视觉冲击给人独特深刻的空间体验，以达到形式和内容的双重纪念性，表现建筑特有的纪念性氛围和艺术感染力。

The Victory Square in the last battle of the Anti-Japanese War adopts the metaphorical design method. The crack space formed by the corridor metaphors the war wound, and the calm of the mirror metaphors the healing of the wound. It sublimates the architectural space into a spiritual space, and gives people a unique and profound spatial experience with a strong visual impact, so as to achieve the dual commemoration of form and content, and express the unique commemorative atmosphere and artistic appeal of the building.

▼“追忆之痕”入口鸟瞰夜景，Aerial view of the entrance of “trace of memory”

▼“抗战道路”甬道雕塑，series sculptures of Anti-Japanese War

▼“抗战道路”甬道雕塑，series sculptures of Anti-Japanese War

郁郁葱葱的人民公园中，抗战最后一役纪念馆与烈士陵园、州属头门相互融合，化作城市历史长河中永不褪色的一笔，成为人们记忆中的丰碑。

In the lush people’s Park, the memorial hall of the last battle of the Anti-Japanese War, the martyrs’ cemetery, and the state head gate are integrated with each other, turning into an indelible mark in the long river of urban history and a monument in people’s memory.

▼胜利广场俯视，Top view of Victory Square

▼一层平面图，ground floor plan

▼二层平面图，upper floor plan

▼立面图与剖面图，elevation & section

设计单位：同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司

委托方：高邮市建设投资发展有限公司

设计团队：

项目负责人/周建峰

建筑/周建峰,王涤非,戴雨航

结构/陆平,周颖

设备/刘兵 余秋萍 罗武

景观/刘涛

摄影/邵峰、尹明、戴雨航

合作单位：雕塑/北京蓝调雨桐文化艺术有限公司

建设地点：江苏省高邮市

用地面积：12842㎡

总建筑面积 5933㎡，

建筑占地面积：2054 平方米

建筑层数：2 层

建筑结构：钢筋混凝土

建筑材料：耐候钢板，铜雕，玻璃

Design unit:Tongji Architectural Design (Group) Co. Ltd

Client:Gaoyou construction investment development Co. Ltd

Design team:Project Leader / zhoujianfeng

Architecture / Zhou Jianfeng, Wang Difei, Dai Yuhang

Structure / Lu Ping, Zhou Ying

Equipment / Liu Bing, Yu Qiuping, Luo Wu

Landscape/ Liu Tao

Photography / Shao Feng, Yin ming, Dai yuhang

Partner: Sculpture/Beijing Blues Yutong Culture and Art Co., Ltd.