Větrník 幼儿园 | 以运动为关注点的非传统教育空间设计

Větrník幼儿园的设计以运动为关注点，并包含了一座体育馆建筑。该项目是Říčany-Větrník地区开发计划的一部分，由幼儿园、体育馆和花园三个相互连接的部分组成，其中幼儿园和部分花园已经建成，体育馆仍在建造中。

The task of the city was to design a new kindergarten with a sports focus and a gym building. The nursery school is planned as part of the new development of the Říčany-Větrník area. We designed three objects and connected them to each other – a kindergarten, a gym, and a garden. The gymnasium will be built, while the kindergarten and part of the garden are constructed.

▼项目概览，Overall view

设计团队首先思考了这样一个问题：是什么构成了童年？不仅仅是家人，或是在操场上玩耍的经历，它还包括一个孩童的所见所闻，以及教会他们适应“系统”的机构。另一个问题是，孩子们具备怎样的身体能力？随着年龄的增长，哪些东西将逐渐失去？设计者找到了许多来自世界各地的非传统幼儿园的案例，他们发现孩子们在“系统”中的目的是成为一种得体且不引起问题的存在。这也是为什么我们看到了另类教育在当今的发展。教育作为国家法纪的重要主题，对我们每个人来说都有着重要的影响。然而，在当下的文明世界里，我们畅谈经济增长，却鲜少讨论教育的所有细节与童年的奥秘。

First we thought about the child as a phenomenon – what constitutes childhood? Not only the family, the experiences on the playground, it is also the objects they visit, the institutions that fit them into the System. And what physical abilities does the child have? What does aging lose? We found a lot of examples of non-traditional nurseries from all over the world. The child is in the System and the purpose is to become a proper and non-problematic part. That is why we see such a development of alternative education. The topic of education as a state discipline is an important phenomenon for us personally. In our civilized world, we talk about economic growth, but not enough about all details of education, about the mystery of childhood.

▼屋顶鸟瞰，Rooftop view

Říčany的政府部门从一开始就展现出了在教育实践方面的勇气和包容度。在确定提案之前，设计团队与教师、体育俱乐部的代表以及政府管理层进行了多次会谈。每位参与者都表现出了对该项目的极大兴趣。孩子们本身的特质也对项目产生了重要的影响：他们的游戏、运动、视野和尺度；他们在行动上的自发性、无序性和不可预测性；以及他们的纯真、好奇、乐观与无拘无束。

However, the Town of Říčany showed courage and generosity from the beginning. Many meetings took place with teachers, representatives of sports clubs, and the management of the Town of Říčany before the proposal was settled. We sensed interest in the project, thank you for that. The children themselves were essential – their games, movement, vision, and scale. Children’s spontaneity, disorganization, unpredictability, purity, curiosity, optimism and unburdened by the bitterness of life.

▼塔状的教室与花园相连，The pagoda-like classrooms are connected to the garden

设计者将幼儿园建筑分为几个不同的部分，正方形的体量中包含教学设施、办公室和入口等实际运作所需要的一切。另外几个教室与花园相连，它们不再是方正的矩形，而是一系列形式自由、可以让孩子们恣意玩耍的世界。这些教室的外观形似宝塔，其内部容纳着印第安帐篷般的隐蔽空间，阳光透过三角形的窗口照进屋内，裸露的木结构宛如树木的枝干。

We divided the mass into several parts. A cube in which there are facilities, offices, entrances… everything necessary for practical functioning. Individual classrooms are then connected to this, which are no longer rectangular and connect to the garden. They are free-form worlds to play with. The pagodas form the silhouette of the house and from the inside, a hiding place, an Indian tee-pee, a space where the light falls from triangular windows, visible wooden structures like tree branches.

▼建筑外观，Exterior view

▼室内空间，Interior view

▼室内结构，Internal structure

▼阳光透过三角形的窗口照进屋内

The light falls from triangular windows

入口中庭设有一个“蜘蛛网”，是一个可以从所有教室进入的游戏区。孩子们可以在绳索构成的网面上弹跳和“起飞”。整个巨网支撑在几座结实的树桩上，下方是一个具有社区属性的空间，可用于唱歌、表演、展览和戏剧活动。

In the entrance atrium, there is a spider web, a play area accessible from all classrooms, a rope center right in the building. We hope it will be used and the children will swing and fly. The net is carried by tree trunks that have been thanked for their service. The atrium also serves as a community space, for singing, acting, exhibitions, and theater.

▼入口中庭，Entrance Atrium

▼“蜘蛛网”游戏区，“Spider web”,  the play area

▼透过织网仰望天窗，Looking up to the skylight through the web

▼教室，Classroom

幼儿园拥有两种不同的“面孔”，它打破了当地传统房屋的功能，在塑造街道形象的同时提供了充满乐趣的场地。建筑的活泼身姿向外敞开，使阳光充分进入。主入口朝向街道，一层和二层各有两间教室。街道立面局部加入了垂直绿化，并将在未来逐渐扩展和增厚，从而将整个立面覆盖起来，成为像神秘寺庙或宇宙飞船的入口般的存在。此外，技术设备也保持了部分裸露，让孩子们可以直接看到水、电和空气的流动方向。建筑的色彩是欢快的，起到了点亮周围环境的作用。

The nursery school has two faces, it holds a picture of the street, it is playful in the garden, it does not function like a traditional house here. Here it shakes, matter breaks up and space opens up for the Sun to penetrate. The main entrance is from the street, with two classrooms on the ground floor, and two upstairs. The street facade of the kindergarten is partially designed as vertical greenery, we hope that it will sweep and thicken to one day absorb the entire facade. The entrance is supposed to resemble the entrance to a mysterious temple or spaceship. The management of the technical infrastructure is partially visual, letting the child see where the water, electricity, and air flow. The colors are cheerful, they should also illuminate the surroundings.

▼入口外观，Entrance

建筑的后方还有一个尚未完工的操场。设计者将其构想为一个绿色的幻想世界，就像儿童书刊中所描绘的那样。他们希望建造一个机构特征不明显的、充满趣味和创造力的幼儿园，使孩子们所有美好的天性都能得到充分的发挥和展现。

Behind the house, there is a playground, currently unfinished, partially completed. Here, too, we wanted a green fantasy world to be created, as if from a children’s book. The construction took place with pressure on finances, not everything was realized according to our ideas, but this is standard in our job. We wanted to build an object for children that is not an institution, it is playful and will enable the development of creativity and all the beautiful specificities of the child’s soul. An object that will create subconscious images for children that may one day arise in adulthood to develop Something…

▼夜景，Night view

▼场地鸟瞰，Aerial view

▼一层平面图，Ground floor plan

▼二层平面图，First floor plan

▼西立面图，Elevation west

▼南立面图，Elevation south

▼东立面图，Elevation east

▼北立面图，Elevation north

▼纵剖面图，Longitudinal section

▼剖面细部，Section detail

Studio: Architektura

Author: David Kraus

kraus@archi.cz

Website:

Studio address: V korytech 169/11, 106 00 Praha 10 – Záběhlice, Czech Republic

Co-author: Marek Trebuľa

Alina Fornaleva

Šárka Andrlová

Michaela Kubinová

Project location: Bílá 785/6, 251 01 Říčany

Project country: Czech Republic

Project year: 2016

Completion year: 2021

Built-up Area: 716 m²

Gross Floor Area: 1 114 m²

Usable Floor Area: 1 058 m²

Plot size: 3 009 m²

Dimensions: 10 016 m3

Cost: 2 640 000 €

Client Municipality of Říčany

Client’s e-mail:

alice.stepankova@ricany.cz

,

stepanka.tajovska@ricany.cz

Client’s website: