双河镇九年义务制学校震后重建与复兴丨中国长宁丨同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司

在双河镇九年义务制学校震后重建中，我们通过“自然营造学”理念，强调最大限度地降低灾后重建对灾区原本的社会历史、生活生产、环境美学和经济技术的影响，以自然中营造、自然的营造、自然地营造三个维度切入，缝合灾难的创伤，并赋予其疗愈焕新的崭新姿态。

During the reconstruction and revival of the nine-year compulsory school in Shuanghe Town, we emphasize minimizing the impact of post-disaster reconstruction on the original social history, life, production, environmental aesthetics, and economic technology. Considering the concept of “natural construction”, we try to suture the trauma of the disaster from construction in nature, construction of nature, and constructing naturally, and give it a new attitude of “healing”.

“我对新校园的感受是好玩，开心，宽大”——二年级王语晨

“我最喜欢学校的文庙，在文庙可以念古诗，写毛笔字，感受古代人的生活”——六年级胡奕坪

“最喜欢学校的新足球场，因为足球场特别的大，地面柔软舒适而且很平整，即使踢球的时候不小心摔了也不会很痛，我特别喜欢在上面踢足球”——初二曾军至

“新校园给我一种豁然开朗的感觉，有我们长宁县竹海之都的特色。校园的每个角落都充满绿色。在疲惫的时候让人感觉心旷神怡”——初三文富翔

以上来自我们对项目进行了回访，作为设计师，能亲眼看到生动的生活和学习场景，并收到这样的反馈，内心自然是无比欣慰的。

“My feeling of the new campus is fun, happy and generous” — Wang Yuchen, second grade

“I like the Confucian temple in my school best, where I can read ancient poems, write calligraphy and feel the life of ancient people” — Hu Yiping, sixth grade

“I feel that the new campus is very beautiful, and I like the classroom best because I love learning” — Luo Haowen, first grade

“I like the school’s new football field best, because the football field is very big, the ground is soft and comfortable, and it’s very smooth. Even if I accidentally fall off when playing football, it won’t hurt very much. I especially like playing football on it” – Zeng Junzhi, the second year of junior high school

“The new campus gives me a sense of sudden brightness, with the characteristics of Changning bamboo city. Every corner of the campus is full of green. It makes people feel relaxed and happy when they are tired – Wen Fuxiang, the third year of junior high school.

The above comes from our return visit to the project. As a designer, it is very gratifying to see the vivid life and learning scenes with our own eyes and receive such feedback.

▼重建后的新校园，the new school campus after reconstruction© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

2019 年 6 月 17 日 22 时 55 分，四川省宜宾市发生 6.0 级地震，震源深度 16 公里。地处震中的长宁县双河镇顿时满目疮痍。镇上唯一的九年义务学校的校舍同样受到重创，50%被评定为严重损毁的危房，遭到拆除。孩子们亟需重建和修复他们的学习家园，双河镇亟待震后的复兴。

At 22:55 on June 17, 2019, a 6.0 magnitude earthquake occurred in Yibin City, Sichuan Province, with a focal depth of 16 km. Shuanghe Town, located in the epicenter of the earthquake, was devastated. The school buildings of the only nine-year compulsory school in the town were also severely damaged. 50% of the dangerous buildings rated as seriously damaged were demolished. Children need to rebuild and repair their learning homes, and Shuanghe town needs to be revived after the earthquake.

▼场地鸟瞰，site aerial view© 同济大学建筑设计研究院

面对灾难，整个社会剖面被呈现出来。与此同时，大量资金、技术从外部引入，面对这个大刀阔斧加速现代化进程的机会，灾区该如何把握好这个度，既延续原有历史文化的记忆，谨慎地重续小镇肌理，又能解决长久以来所积累的问题，让重建真正对当地发挥作用，是一件十分具有考验的事。

In the face of disaster, the whole social profile is presented. At the same time, a large number of funds and technologies are introduced from the outside. In the face of this opportunity to speed up the modernization process, how to grasp this degree, not only to continue the memory of the original history and culture, but also to carefully renew the texture of the small town, and to solve the problems accumulated for a long time, so that the reconstruction can really play a role in the local area, is a very challenging thing.

▼场地环境，context© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

这所九年制学校的基地被镇上要道分为东西两片区。西侧校区被 400 米跑道占满后，用地所剩无几；而东侧校区则塞满不同年代修建的校舍，小学和初中交错，教学区和生活区混杂。校内有几处双河老建筑——古城墙、文庙大成殿和崇圣祠，都有几百年的历史。

The base of the nine-year school is divided into East and west areas by the main road of the town. After the west campus is occupied by a 400-meter runway, there is little land left; the east campus is full of school buildings built in different years, primary and junior high schools crisscross, and the teaching area and living area are mixed. There are several old buildings in Shuanghe, including the ancient city wall, the Dacheng Hall of the Confucian temple, and the Chongsheng temple, which have a history of several hundred years.

▼重建后的校园鸟瞰，new campus aerial view© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

这一边，余震还在继续，废墟尚未清除，校园设施损毁，教室严重不足；而那一边，孩子们已经迫不及待地进入加固后的临时校舍学习，迫切等候百废待兴。如何在最短时间内，缝合新旧校园，整饬校庙空间，疗愈震后双河小镇，重振旗鼓，深感责任重大。

On this side, the aftershocks continue, the ruins have not been cleared, the campus facilities are damaged, and the classrooms are seriously inadequate; on the other side, the children can’t wait to enter the reinforced temporary school building to study, waiting for a hundred wastes. How to stitch up the old and new campus in the shortest time, straighten out the space of the school temple, heal Shuanghe town after the earthquake, and feel a great responsibility.

▼区位示意，location map© 同济大学建筑设计研究院

文庙在历史上规模宏大，但大部分现已不存。只留下大成殿和崇圣祠，也在震后损毁了不少。文庙南侧有两段经年累月与树根缠绕的老城墙遗迹，只是疏于维护已失往日风采。校园所在地在清光绪年间就有“绍闻书院”，与文庙一墙之隔，穿过文庙东侧圣域门，直对着山上的文昌宫。

▼长宁府城局部，摘自《长宁县志》，清嘉庆戊辰秋镌 慎思堂藏板 Changning Fucheng part.From the Changning County Chronicles”. The collection board of shensitang engraved on the fifth day of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty

Confucian temples have a large scale in history, but most of them do not exist now. Only Dacheng hall and Chongsheng temple were left, and many of them were damaged after the earthquake. On the south side of the Confucian temple, there are two sections of the old city wall which have been intertwined with the tree roots for many years. The campus is located in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. There is “Shaowen academy”, which is separated from the Confucian Temple by a wall. It passes through the Shengyu gate on the east side of the Confucian temple and faces the Wenchang Palace on the mountain.

▼校园与文庙形成对话，the new campus dialogues with theConfucian temple© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

在历史上，“庙”、“学”是传统礼制与学习功能空间的统一，往往作为一个整体看待。经过梳理，我们在原校址上将现代学校与文庙大成殿相结合，将庙学仪式空间以现代方式进行整体演绎。

文庙修复重现的内容包括简化的万仞宫墙、暗示棂星门位置的台基、单坡游廊、泮池及状元桥等。通过这些较为简洁的构筑物及环境的设计，重建了属于双河文庙的空间秩序。“与古为新，场院结合”的处理使得文庙不再只是两座孤零零的大殿，学生从校园穿过围廊便可进入文庙的国学课堂，庙学共享，继古开今，书声琅琅。文庙活力的恢复，也带动了双河镇的复兴。

Historically, “Temple” and “learning” are the unity of traditional ritual system and learning function space. They are often viewed as a whole. After sorting out, we combine the modern school with the Dacheng Hall of Confucian temple in the original school site to interpret the ritual space of temple learning in a modern way. The restoration of the Confucian temple includes the simplified Wanren palace wall, the platform base indicating the location of Lingxing gate, the single slope corridor, panchi and Zhuangyuan bridge. Through the design of these simple structures and environment, the space order of Shuanghe Confucian temple is reconstructed. It is no longer just two isolated halls. Students can enter the Sinology classroom of the Confucian temple through the corridor from the campus. The temple learning can be shared, inheriting the past and opening up the present. The revival of Confucian temple also led to the revival of Shuanghe town.

▼项目在原校址上将现代学校与文庙大成殿相结合© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男 The modern school has been combined with the Dacheng Hall of Confucian temple in the original school site

▼文庙的国学课堂，the Sinology classroom of the Confucian temple© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

震后的校园受到不同程度的损毁，所以拆除整修和新建并举。对设计团队而言，最大的挑战并不是修建一些供其使用的建筑，而是通过建筑手段，解决原校园长久所积累的问题。

After the earthquake, the campus was damaged to varying degrees, so the demolition, renovation and new construction were carried out simultaneously. For the design team, the biggest challenge is not to build some buildings for their use, but to solve the problems accumulated in the original campus for a long time through architectural means.

▼分析动图，concept GIF.© 同济大学建筑设计研究院

这座学校的小学和初中是不同年代建造的，行政上也各不相干。由于各自的场地都很局促，所以硬生生“凑”在一起。虽然各有不同的出入口，但是中学入口要穿过合用的篮球场才能进入教学区。小学教师和学生宿舍合在一栋楼中，楼底下就是食堂，烟火味很浓。中学教师的宿舍则在北侧实验楼旁随意盖了一栋，和上课的学生混杂在一起。至于 400 米跑道和足球场，只能隔着镇上的要道，在西边的空地上修建，每次体育课都要组织学生穿过马路，所以利用率不太高。

The primary school and junior high school of this school were built in different times, and they are not related to each other in administration. Due to their own venues being very cramped, they are forced to be "together". Although there are different entrances and exits, the entrance of the middle school can only enter the teaching area through the shared basketball court. The teachers and students’ dormitory of the primary school is in one building, and the canteen is downstairs, with a strong smell of fireworks. The dormitories of middle school teachers were randomly built next to the experimental building on the north side, mixed with students in class. As for the 400-meter track and football field, they can only be built on the open space in the west across the main road in the town. Every PE class has to organize students to cross the road, so the utilization rate is not very high.

▼设计示意，diagram© 同济大学建筑设计研究院

我们需要给这个拼凑紊乱的校园确定秩序——首先两条轴线。第一条是自文庙大成殿开始，向南向北清除轴线上的震后破损建筑，建立一条与双河老街相连的文化礼仪轴，这条轴线的打通，把文庙纳入到双河古镇八景的路线中，整体提升双河古镇的格局。而另一条轴线则是曾经被埋没的东西方向传承发展轴——连接绍闻书院、圣域门和文昌宫，现在更进一步串联起校园东西校区直至远山。

We need to set order for this patchwork Campus – first two axes. The first is to clear the damaged buildings after the earthquake from the Dacheng Hall of Wenmiao, and to establish a cultural and etiquette axis connected with the old street of Shuanghe river. The connection of this axis will integrate the temple into the eight scenic routes of Shuanghe ancient town, and improve the pattern of Shuanghe ancient town as a whole. The other axis is the one that was buried in the East and west direction: connecting Shaowen academy, shengyumen and wenchanggong. Now, it is further connected with the East-West campus of the campus until the remote mountain.

▼重建校园秩序，re-setting theorder of the campus© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

其次，在轴线上，确定“场”的空间。“场”界面规整，呼应轴线。沿着文庙南北向的“场”，是以现代手法复原的文庙形制，利用单坡围廊、万仞宫墙、泮池状元桥和大成殿勾勒了三进空间，在百年古树映衬下，强调浓厚的历史仪式感。这种层层递进的空间原型，我们在东西向“场”中进行原型复刻。而这里则以新建教学楼挑空空间、屋形亭、连廊和厚德楼共同围合界面，并利用原地形高差，自然勾勒出两进更适用于现代校园的广场仪式空间。

On the axis, the space of “field” is determined. The “field” interface is regular and corresponding to the axis. The “field” along the north-south direction of the Confucian temple is the shape of the Confucian temple restored by modern methods. It uses the single slope Wai corridor, Wanren palace wall, panchi Zhuangyuan bridge and Dacheng hall to outline the three entrance space. Against the background of 100 year old trees, it emphasizes a strong sense of historical ritual. This kind of progressive space archetype, we are in the East-West “field” for archetypal re carving. The new teaching building, the house shaped Pavilion, the corridor and the Houde building are used to enclose the interface, and the original terrain height difference is used to outline the square ceremony space which is more suitable for modern campus.

▼校园轴线，the campus axis© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

而在轴线西端，延伸过去的是更为宽广的运动场。我们把震后损坏的 400 米的运动场，缩减到了 300 米。这个策略一下为学生生活区腾出了空间。充裕的篮排球场、草坪足球场和带看台的塑胶跑道，让精力充沛的孩子们，每天都能在远山和夕阳的映照下撒欢奔跑。

At the western end of the axis, a wider sports field extends. We reduced the 400 meter sports ground damaged after the earthquake to 300 meters. This strategy makes room for students’ living area. The abundant basketball court, lawn football field and plastic track with grandstand enable energetic children to run happily in the distant mountains and sunset every day.

▼俯瞰轴线西端的运动场，view to the sports field at the western end of the axis© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

▼从运动场望向校园轴线，view to the campus axis from the sports field© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

不同于一般的学校有开敞的展示面，这栋学校四周被密密麻麻、年代不一的民居包围。这些民居多为砖木结构、坡屋顶的两层建筑，是学校四周高低错落的“景观”，也承载了生活的原型。与外立面相比，校园里的一个个庭院——高密度限定的边界下，根据中小学教学楼的间距要求，根据日照规范，根据消防要求等种种因素……一个个被精密计算、精心雕琢出来的虚空——就变得尤其重要。

Unlike the general school, there is an open display, which is surrounded by densely populated houses of different ages. These houses are mostly brick and wood structures and two-story buildings with sloping roofs, which are the “landscape” staggered around the school, and also bear the prototype of life. Compared with the facade, the courtyard in the Campus – under the boundary of high density, according to the distance requirements of primary and secondary school teaching buildings, according to sunshine specifications, fire requirements and other factors… One by one, the void which is calculated and carefully carved out becomes particularly important.

▼分析图，analysis© 同济大学建筑设计研究院

利用新老建筑界面所形成的“院”，将老基地上的元素一一保留，容纳到新围合的场地中。习生园西南面的老城墙、求新楼南侧的参天大树、博志楼院子里隐约出现的黄琉璃瓦重檐屋顶，让孩子们一面欣喜地拥有了独立的活动区域，一面又可以在新老建筑之间穿梭，追溯回原来的记忆。收放自如，灵动活泼，四个风格迥异的庭院，既是新的，又是自然生长的。

By using the “courtyard” formed by the interface between new and old buildings, the elements of the old base are retained one by one and accommodated in the new enclosed site. The old city wall in the southwest of the learning Park, the towering tree in the south of Qiuxin building, and the yellow glazed tile double eaves roof in the courtyard of Bozhi building make the children have an independent activity area happily on the one hand, and on the other hand, they can shuttle between new and old buildings to trace back to their original memory. The four courtyard with different styles are both new and natural.

▼院落空间，the courtyard spaces© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

边设计，边修复；边建设，边使用；震后修建就像缝纫一样，新建筑一针一针缝合植入老基地，而老建筑不但要保证校园的正常教学，也需要有序地编织到新的校园格局和肌理中。

Design and repair at the same time; While building, while using; Post earthquake construction is like sewing. New buildings are stitched into the old base, and the old buildings not only need to ensure the normal teaching of the campus, but also need to be woven into the new campus pattern and texture in an orderly way.

▼建筑立面，building facade© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

▼立面细节，detailed view© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

对老建筑的修复，我们遵循这样的逻辑：第一，根据每栋建筑在规划上的定位，决定它的改造策略；第二，色彩和形式上，强调原有砖红与深灰的外墙元素，充分利用当地材料修整，振兴地方发展，保持低运维的要求；第三，功能上新老建筑互补，既满足中小学的使用需求，也不过度设计。通过充分利用老建筑的改造，校园文化慢慢沉淀，最终新旧古建筑缝合共生。

For the restoration of old buildings, we follow this logic: first, according to the positioning of each building in the planning, we decide its transformation strategy. Second, in terms of color and form, the exterior wall elements of brick red and dark gray are emphasized; Make full use of local materials, revitalize local development, maintain low operation and maintenance requirements. Third, the new and old buildings complement each other in function, which not only meets the needs of primary and secondary schools, but also does not over design. By making full use of the transformation of the old buildings, the campus culture gradually precipitates, and finally the old and new ancient buildings are stitched together.

▼新旧古建筑缝合共生，the old and new ancient buildings are stitched together© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

新建筑以单元式的坡屋顶一个连着一个，是从连绵起伏的远山中抽象出的几何线条，也来自于川南传统聚落坡屋顶风貌。结合教学功能的标准单元化布局方式，建筑形式在设计之初即和结构做了综合性考量，最后以框架剪力墙体系呈现，剪力墙用以当地竹材为模板制作的竹纹清水混凝土浇筑，整体则呈现出一个个连续的坡屋顶小房子，以小体量融入双河小镇风貌。

The new buildings are connected one by one with unit pitched roofs, which are geometric lines abstracted from the rolling mountains, and also come from the pitched roofs of traditional settlements in southern Sichuan. Combined with the standard unit layout of teaching function, the architectural form and structure are comprehensively considered at the beginning of design. Finally, the frame shear wall system is presented. The shear wall is poured with bamboo grain fair faced concrete made with local bamboo as template, and the whole presents a continuous small house with sloping roof, integrating into the style of Shuanghe town with small volume.

▼单元式的坡屋顶来自于川南传统聚落坡屋顶风貌，theunit pitched roofsare abstracted from the geometric lines of the surrounding rolling mountains© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

▼一个个连续的坡屋顶小房子，以小体量融入双河小镇风貌，a series of small houses with sloping roofs are integrated into the style of Shuanghe town with small volumes© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

我们希望给予个体更多可选择的、自由、有趣的现代教育空间。整个学校通过多层次的庭院把新旧建筑以及文庙部分组织成一个整体。通过设置串联全校的风雨廊道系统、屋顶游憩平台、室外景观楼梯、底层架空空间，让各个功能区既互相分离，又相互渗透，为学习交流、运动休闲、日常交往提供场所，塑造丰富多变的校园活动场所。

We hope to give individuals more optional, free and interesting modern education space. The whole school organizes the old and new buildings and Confucian temple into a whole through multi-level courtyard. By setting up the storm corridor system, roof recreation platform, outdoor landscape stairs and overhead space on the ground floor in series with the whole school, each functional area can be separated from each other and permeated with each other, providing a place for learning and communication, sports and leisure, and daily communication, and creating a rich and changeable campus activity place.

▼户外活动空间，outdoor activity space© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

▼风雨廊道，corridor© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

▼多层次的平台，the multi-level terraces© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

双河盛产楠竹，又直又长，韧性好。尽管如此，当地却少有以竹为建筑特色的项目。为了在有限的预算条件下，尽可能发挥出本地材料优势，我们决定利用竹子作为混凝土剪力墙的模板材料，希望竹纹清水混凝土结合剪力墙能呈现出材料原始的力量。但竹纹清水混凝土比起光面难度要更高一些，竹子会有一个弧度，弧之间会形成缝，缝大了显得粗糙，小了容易脱模不完整。同时因为一根竹子本身有大小头的差别，竹子的选择和排布上也需要事先考虑好。

Shuanghe abounds in Phyllostachys pubescens, which is straight, long and tough. In spite of this, there are few local projects with bamboo as the architectural feature. In order to give full play to the advantages of local materials under the limited budget conditions, we decided to use bamboo as the template material of concrete shear wall. It is hoped that bamboo grain fair faced concrete combined with shear wall can present the original strength of materials. But bamboo grain fair faced concrete is more difficult than smooth concrete. Bamboo will have an arc, and there will be a gap between the arcs. Large seam appears rough, small easy to demould incomplete. At the same time, because of the difference of the size of a bamboo, the selection and arrangement of bamboo also need to be considered in advance.

▼竹纹清水混凝土立面，the facade made of bamboo grain fair faced concrete© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

因为没有经验加上工期压力，样板墙实验一直难以达到理想效果，让当地工人们一度接近崩溃。好在在反复的实验过程中，施工队逐渐找到最合适的缝宽、脱模手法和混凝土配料比例。我们也调整了心理预期，跟工人一起想办法，最终摸索出了一套适合当地的施工方案。

Because of the lack of experience and the pressure of construction period, the model wall experiment has been difficult to achieve the ideal effect, which made the local workers close to collapse. Fortunately, in the process of repeated experiments, the construction team gradually found the most suitable joint width, demoulding method and concrete proportion. We also adjusted our psychological expectations and worked with the workers to find out a suitable construction scheme.

▼竹纹清水混凝土立面施工，construction photos© 同济大学建筑设计研究院

对于建筑师来说，能深度参与到具体建造过程，跟施工队打成一片，一起解决问题，一起挑战难点，也是很难得的体验。最后，这个施工队在完成本项目后成为当地清水混凝土的专家，拓展了新的业务方向。

It is also a rare experience for architects to deeply participate in the specific construction process, get together with the construction team, solve problems and challenge difficulties together. Finally, after the completion of the project, the construction team became a local expert on fair faced concrete and expanded its new business direction.

▼校园夜景，the campus by night© 章鱼见筑–刘俊男

▼总平面图，site plan© 同济大学建筑设计研究院

▼一层平面图，first floor plan© 同济大学建筑设计研究院

▼二层平面图，second floor plan© 同济大学建筑设计研究院

▼剖面和立面图，sections and elevation © 同济大学建筑设计研究院

项目名称：双河镇九年义务制学校震后重建与复兴

设计方：同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司

公司网站：http://www.tjad.cn

联系邮箱：71zx@tjad.cn

项目设计 & 完成年份：2019&2020

主创及设计团队

规划指导：常青

建筑（校园设计）：江立敏、杨一秀、周迅、张弥、黄华

建筑（文庙修复）：刘伟、赵英亓、辛静

结构：殷维忠、汤佳敏、王祖能

给排水：张宝娣、杨勇、陈英英、吕东启

电气：朱亚君、李玉芝、胡立

暖通：王钰

景观：何强、简阳

项目地址：四川省宜宾市长宁县双河镇街

建筑面积：31310 平方米

摄影版权：章鱼见筑-刘俊男

客户：四川省宜宾市长宁县教育和体育局

Project name:Post-earthquake Reconstruction and Revival of the Nine-year Compulsory School in Shuanghe Town

Design:Tongji Architectural Design (Group) Co., Ltd

Website:www.tjad.cn

Contact e-mail:71zx@tjad.cn

Design year & Completion Year:2019&2020

Leader designer & Team

Planning guidance:Chang Qin

Architecture（campus design）:Jiang Limin, Yang Yixiu，Zhou Xun, Zhang Mi, Huang Hua

Architecture（restoration of Confucian Temple）:Liu Wei, Zhao Yingqi, Xin Jin

Structure:Yin Weizhong, Tang Jiamin, Wang Zuneng

Water supply and drainage:Zhang Baodi, Yang Yong, Chen Yingying， Lv Dongqi

Electrical:Zhu Yajun, Li Yuzhi, Hu Li

HVAC design:Wang Yu

Landscape:He Qiang，Jian Yang

Project location:Shuanghe Town Street, Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province

Gross Built Area (square meters):31310㎡

Photo credits (needs to credit each):ZY Architectural Photography

Partners:Clients

Education and Sports Bureau of Changning County

Brands:Products used in the project